Questions and Answers
What are the three types of signs of pregnancy?
What are some presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Missed menstrual period, nausea, fatigue, breast changes, frequent urination
What distinguishes probable signs from presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Probable signs are objective signs that can also have other causes.
Which of the following is a positive sign of pregnancy?
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What physiological changes occur in the uterus during pregnancy?
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What are some expected cardiovascular changes in a pregnant woman?
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What nutritional requirements change during pregnancy?
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What psychological adaptations occur during pregnancy?
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The subjective sign of missed menstrual period is also known as ______.
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True or False: The visualization of the fetus by ultrasound is a presumptive sign of pregnancy.
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Match the sign of pregnancy to its type:
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Study Notes
Signs of Pregnancy
- Presumptive signs: Subjective symptoms that could have other causes, including missed periods, nausea, fatigue, breast changes, and frequent urination.
- Probable signs: Objective indicators that may also be due to other factors, such as the presence of hCG, Chadwick sign, Hegar sign, Goodell sign, uterine growth, and Braxton Hicks contractions.
- Positive signs: Definitive signs of pregnancy, including visualization of the fetus via ultrasound, detection of fetal heart sounds, palpation of fetal movements by a trained examiner, and visible fetal movements in late pregnancy.
Anatomical and Physiological Changes
- Uterus undergoes muscle hypertrophy and wall thickening, leading to growth and retention of the decidua.
- Increased production of hormones, particularly progesterone and estrogen, along with the formation of a mucous plug in the uterus.
- Enhanced blood supply to the vagina and perineum, resulting in increased sensitivity.
- Breast changes include tenderness, size increase, areola darkening, and development of colostrum.
- Blood volume experiences a significant increase during pregnancy.
Changes in Body Systems During Pregnancy
- Cardiovascular: Increased workload due to heightened blood volume.
- Respiratory: Shortness of breath linked to diaphragm elevation from uterine expansion.
- Musculoskeletal: Presence of lordosis leading to potential low back pain from enlarged uterus.
- Gastrointestinal: Common issues include constipation and heartburn.
- Urinary: Increased urinary frequency due to uterine pressure on the bladder.
- Integumentary: Development of striae (stretch marks) and linea negra (darkened line on abdomen).
Maternal Psychological Adaptation
- Key aspects of psychological adaptation include accepting the pregnancy, embracing the baby, and preparing for the responsibilities of parenthood.
Nutritional Requirements During Pregnancy
- Expected weight gain ranges from 25 to 35 pounds.
- Increased demand for nutrients including protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iodine, and vitamins A, B6, B9 (Folic Acid), B12, and C.
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Description
This quiz covers the signs of pregnancy, including presumptive, probable, and positive signs. It also examines the anatomical and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, such as hormonal increases and uterine growth. Test your knowledge on this crucial topic in reproductive health.
