Lung Function Tests and Allergy Diagnostics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary abnormality in the airways of the lung in asthma?

  • Narrowing of the airway (correct)
  • Thinning of the airway wall
  • Widening of the airway
  • Reduced secretions within the airway lumen
  • Which of the following is not a cellular component involved in the inflammation seen in asthma?

  • T-lymphocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Mast cells
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • What type of structural changes occur in the airway due to remodelling in asthma?

  • Decrease in airway secretions
  • Thickening of the airway wall (correct)
  • Expansion of the airway
  • Decreased inflammation
  • Which of the following factors may precipitate wheezing in individuals with asthma?

    <p>Viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare cause of asthma mentioned in the text?

    <p>Aspergillus fumigatus spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is asthma diagnosis often confirmed according to the text?

    <p>Based on response to bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant tumour in the world?

    <p>Primary carcinoma of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung function test helps in demonstrating variable airflow limitation?

    <p>PEFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is commonly used to assess airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity?

    <p>Histamine test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended diagnostic test for allergy?

    <p>Skin-prick tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as an anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory diseases?

    <p>Theophyllines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a repeated Chest X-ray typically recommended in lung diseases?

    <p>In acute severe attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in developed countries?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic symptoms are associated with COPD?

    <p>Cough and wheeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathological feature of emphysema in COPD?

    <p>Dilatation and destruction of lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung function parameter is typically decreased in COPD?

    <p>FEV1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment approach for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

    <p>Smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three characteristics of asthma?

    <p>Airway limitation, airway hyper-responsiveness, inflammation of bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor involved in the development of asthma?

    <p>Atopy and allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of asthma?

    <p>IgE against environmental antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a reversible airflow limitation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smoking is the dominant causal agent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in developed countries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic bronchitis in COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, predominantly involving lymphocytes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emphysema in COPD is characterized by dilatation and destruction of the lung tissue proximal to the terminal bronchioles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation that is typically irreversible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma is more common in Far Eastern countries compared to developed countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atopy and allergy are the only major factors involved in the development of asthma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiratory failure is a complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emphysema in COPD is characterized by loss of elastic recoil and air trapping, leading to expiratory airflow limitation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chest X-ray is the recommended diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis of asthma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lung tumours are rare in comparison to other respiratory diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Theophyllines are classified as bronchodilators for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood and sputum tests can help detect eosinophils but not Aspergillus antibodies in lung diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histamine and methacholine are used to test airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A trial of steroids is recommended for those with severe airflow limitation to assess reversibility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exercise tests are commonly performed in adults to assess lung function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Narrowing of the airway is a primary abnormality in asthma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in the inflammatory process of asthma by releasing inflammatory mediators.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The airborne spores of $Aspergillus fumagatus$ are a common cause of asthma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an asthma attack, prolonged inspiratory time and bilateral inspiratory wheezes are observed on examination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural changes in the airway, known as remodelling, occur in asthma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occupational sensitizers, viral infections, cold air, exercise, irritant dusts, vapours, fumes, emotion, and drugs are all non-specific factors that may cause wheezing in individuals with asthma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Asthma is characterized by increased airway responsiveness, narrowing, thickening of airway walls, and inflammation with cells like eosinophils and mast cells releasing inflammatory mediators.
    • Triggers for asthma include occupational sensitizers, non-specific factors like viral infections, cold air, and rare causes like Aspergillus fumagatus spores.
    • Diagnosis of asthma is often based on history and response to bronchodilators, with lung function tests and allergy tests playing a role.
    • Treatment for asthma involves controlling triggers, using bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents like steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunosuppressive agents.
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, and is mainly caused by smoking in developed countries.
    • COPD includes chronic bronchitis with airway inflammation and emphysema with lung tissue destruction, leading to symptoms like cough, sputum, and breathlessness.
    • COPD diagnosis involves lung function tests, chest X-rays, arterial blood gases, and treatment includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and management of complications like respiratory failure and cor pulmonale.
    • Lung tumors, specifically primary bronchial carcinoma, are common with a poor prognosis, accounting for 95% of primary lung tumors.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on lung function tests and allergy diagnostic procedures. Topics include variable airflow limitation, airway responsiveness, allergy testing methods, chest X-ray usage, and more.

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