Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary abnormality in the airways of the lung in asthma?
What is the primary abnormality in the airways of the lung in asthma?
- Narrowing of the airway (correct)
- Thinning of the airway wall
- Widening of the airway
- Reduced secretions within the airway lumen
Which of the following is not a cellular component involved in the inflammation seen in asthma?
Which of the following is not a cellular component involved in the inflammation seen in asthma?
- T-lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Mast cells
- Neutrophils (correct)
What type of structural changes occur in the airway due to remodelling in asthma?
What type of structural changes occur in the airway due to remodelling in asthma?
- Decrease in airway secretions
- Thickening of the airway wall (correct)
- Expansion of the airway
- Decreased inflammation
Which of the following factors may precipitate wheezing in individuals with asthma?
Which of the following factors may precipitate wheezing in individuals with asthma?
What is a rare cause of asthma mentioned in the text?
What is a rare cause of asthma mentioned in the text?
How is asthma diagnosis often confirmed according to the text?
How is asthma diagnosis often confirmed according to the text?
What is the most common malignant tumour in the world?
What is the most common malignant tumour in the world?
Which lung function test helps in demonstrating variable airflow limitation?
Which lung function test helps in demonstrating variable airflow limitation?
What test is commonly used to assess airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity?
What test is commonly used to assess airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity?
What is the recommended diagnostic test for allergy?
What is the recommended diagnostic test for allergy?
Which drug is classified as an anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory diseases?
Which drug is classified as an anti-inflammatory agent for respiratory diseases?
When is a repeated Chest X-ray typically recommended in lung diseases?
When is a repeated Chest X-ray typically recommended in lung diseases?
What is the predominant cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in developed countries?
What is the predominant cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in developed countries?
Which characteristic symptoms are associated with COPD?
Which characteristic symptoms are associated with COPD?
What is the main pathological feature of emphysema in COPD?
What is the main pathological feature of emphysema in COPD?
Which lung function parameter is typically decreased in COPD?
Which lung function parameter is typically decreased in COPD?
What is the treatment approach for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
What is the treatment approach for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
What are the three characteristics of asthma?
What are the three characteristics of asthma?
What is the main factor involved in the development of asthma?
What is the main factor involved in the development of asthma?
Which of the following is a common feature of asthma?
Which of the following is a common feature of asthma?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a reversible airflow limitation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a reversible airflow limitation.
Smoking is the dominant causal agent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in developed countries.
Smoking is the dominant causal agent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in developed countries.
Chronic bronchitis in COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, predominantly involving lymphocytes.
Chronic bronchitis in COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, predominantly involving lymphocytes.
Emphysema in COPD is characterized by dilatation and destruction of the lung tissue proximal to the terminal bronchioles.
Emphysema in COPD is characterized by dilatation and destruction of the lung tissue proximal to the terminal bronchioles.
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation that is typically irreversible.
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation that is typically irreversible.
Asthma is more common in Far Eastern countries compared to developed countries.
Asthma is more common in Far Eastern countries compared to developed countries.
Atopy and allergy are the only major factors involved in the development of asthma.
Atopy and allergy are the only major factors involved in the development of asthma.
Respiratory failure is a complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Respiratory failure is a complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Emphysema in COPD is characterized by loss of elastic recoil and air trapping, leading to expiratory airflow limitation.
Emphysema in COPD is characterized by loss of elastic recoil and air trapping, leading to expiratory airflow limitation.
Chest X-ray is the recommended diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis of asthma.
Chest X-ray is the recommended diagnostic test for confirming the diagnosis of asthma.
Lung tumours are rare in comparison to other respiratory diseases.
Lung tumours are rare in comparison to other respiratory diseases.
Theophyllines are classified as bronchodilators for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
Theophyllines are classified as bronchodilators for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
Blood and sputum tests can help detect eosinophils but not Aspergillus antibodies in lung diseases.
Blood and sputum tests can help detect eosinophils but not Aspergillus antibodies in lung diseases.
Histamine and methacholine are used to test airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity.
Histamine and methacholine are used to test airway responsiveness in allergy/hypersensitivity.
A trial of steroids is recommended for those with severe airflow limitation to assess reversibility.
A trial of steroids is recommended for those with severe airflow limitation to assess reversibility.
Exercise tests are commonly performed in adults to assess lung function.
Exercise tests are commonly performed in adults to assess lung function.
Narrowing of the airway is a primary abnormality in asthma.
Narrowing of the airway is a primary abnormality in asthma.
Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in the inflammatory process of asthma by releasing inflammatory mediators.
Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells are involved in the inflammatory process of asthma by releasing inflammatory mediators.
The airborne spores of $Aspergillus fumagatus$ are a common cause of asthma.
The airborne spores of $Aspergillus fumagatus$ are a common cause of asthma.
During an asthma attack, prolonged inspiratory time and bilateral inspiratory wheezes are observed on examination.
During an asthma attack, prolonged inspiratory time and bilateral inspiratory wheezes are observed on examination.
Structural changes in the airway, known as remodelling, occur in asthma.
Structural changes in the airway, known as remodelling, occur in asthma.
Occupational sensitizers, viral infections, cold air, exercise, irritant dusts, vapours, fumes, emotion, and drugs are all non-specific factors that may cause wheezing in individuals with asthma.
Occupational sensitizers, viral infections, cold air, exercise, irritant dusts, vapours, fumes, emotion, and drugs are all non-specific factors that may cause wheezing in individuals with asthma.
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Study Notes
- Asthma is characterized by increased airway responsiveness, narrowing, thickening of airway walls, and inflammation with cells like eosinophils and mast cells releasing inflammatory mediators.
- Triggers for asthma include occupational sensitizers, non-specific factors like viral infections, cold air, and rare causes like Aspergillus fumagatus spores.
- Diagnosis of asthma is often based on history and response to bronchodilators, with lung function tests and allergy tests playing a role.
- Treatment for asthma involves controlling triggers, using bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents like steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and immunosuppressive agents.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, and is mainly caused by smoking in developed countries.
- COPD includes chronic bronchitis with airway inflammation and emphysema with lung tissue destruction, leading to symptoms like cough, sputum, and breathlessness.
- COPD diagnosis involves lung function tests, chest X-rays, arterial blood gases, and treatment includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and management of complications like respiratory failure and cor pulmonale.
- Lung tumors, specifically primary bronchial carcinoma, are common with a poor prognosis, accounting for 95% of primary lung tumors.
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