Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal value for Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
What is the normal value for Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Which lung capacity is specifically relevant to continuous gas exchange between breaths?
Which lung capacity is specifically relevant to continuous gas exchange between breaths?
What is the value of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
What is the value of Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
What is the normal value for Vital Capacity?
What is the normal value for Vital Capacity?
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Which of the following is NOT a lung capacity?
Which of the following is NOT a lung capacity?
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Which of the following is NOT a static lung function test?
Which of the following is NOT a static lung function test?
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What is the typical value for tidal volume?
What is the typical value for tidal volume?
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Which lung capacity is reduced in cases of restrictive lung diseases?
Which lung capacity is reduced in cases of restrictive lung diseases?
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Which lung function is associated with the time taken to exhale forcefully after maximal inhalation?
Which lung function is associated with the time taken to exhale forcefully after maximal inhalation?
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What is the definition of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
What is the definition of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
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What is the purpose of lung function tests?
What is the purpose of lung function tests?
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Which of the following is NOT measured completely by a spirometer?
Which of the following is NOT measured completely by a spirometer?
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Which of the following volumes or capacities is increased in obstructive lung diseases like emphysema?
Which of the following volumes or capacities is increased in obstructive lung diseases like emphysema?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical indication for performing lung function tests?
Which of the following is NOT a typical indication for performing lung function tests?
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What is the benefit of understanding the difference between static and dynamic lung function tests?
What is the benefit of understanding the difference between static and dynamic lung function tests?
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What is the value of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
What is the value of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
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What instrument is used to measure lung function?
What instrument is used to measure lung function?
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Flashcards
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The volume of air that can be maximally expired after normal expiration, valued at 1100 ml.
Residual Volume (RV)
Residual Volume (RV)
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration, valued at 1200 ml.
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after normal expiration (TV + IRV), normal value: 3500 ml.
Vital Capacity (VC)
Vital Capacity (VC)
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Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
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Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
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Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
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Measurement limitations of spirometry
Measurement limitations of spirometry
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Lung function test
Lung function test
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Static lung functions
Static lung functions
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Dynamic lung functions
Dynamic lung functions
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FEV1
FEV1
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FVC
FVC
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Spirometer
Spirometer
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Tidal volume (TV)
Tidal volume (TV)
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
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Study Notes
Lung Function Test
- Lung function tests assess the efficiency of breathing mechanisms.
- They are used to evaluate the health of the respiratory system.
- They help diagnose respiratory diseases.
- They monitor the progression of pulmonary disease and treatment effectiveness.
- Lung function tests are measured using a spirometer.
Learning Objectives
- Describe static lung functions (lung volumes and capacities).
- Describe dynamic lung functions.
- Explain FEV1 and FVC, and their significance.
- Explain FEF25-75%, and its importance.
- Describe expiratory flow rate, and its importance.
Spiroresmeter
- Records lung volumes and capacities using spirometry.
Types of Lung Function Tests
Static Lung Function
- Not related to time.
- Includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity.
Dynamic Lung Function
- Related to time.
- Includes forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), respiratory minute volume (MV), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV).
Static Lungs Volumes and Capacities
- Lung volumes are measured by spirometer.
- Lung capacities are derived from volumes.
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Tidal volume
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Inspiratory capacity
- Vital capacity
- Functional residual capacity
- Total lung capacity
Lung Volumes
- Tidal volume (TV): Volume of air inhaled or exhaled during quiet breathing. Normal value is 500 ml.
- Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration. Normal value is 3000 ml.
- Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration. Normal value is 1100 ml.
- Residual volume (RV): Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration. Normal value is 1200 ml.
Lung Capacities
-
Inspiratory capacity (IC): Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration. Normal value is 3500 ml.
-
Vital capacity (VC): Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration. Normal value is 4600 ml.
-
Functional residual capacity (FRC): Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration. Normal value is 2300 ml.
-
Total lung capacity (TLC): Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation. Normal value is 6000 ml.
-
Women and some demographics exhibit lower values for pulmonary volumes.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
- FVC measures the maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inhalation.
- Normal range for an adult is 3.0-5.0 L.
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
- FEV1 measures the volume of air forcefully exhaled during the first second of a forced vital capacity maneuver.
- Related to obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases.
Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF 25-75%)
- Measures forced expiratory flow during the middle half of FVC.
- More sensitive in detecting small airway disease than FEV1
- Normal values (>50%) dependent on demographics
Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)
- Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is the maximum flow rate during forceful expiration.
- Measured using a peak flow meter.
- Normal values are 600-800 L/min (males) and 450-600 L/min (females).
- Used in detecting asthma.
Minute Respiratory Volume
- Total amount of new air entering the respiratory passages per minute
- Calculated by multiplying tidal volume by respiratory rate.
- Typical value is around 6 L/min.
Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
- Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled per minute.
- Measured over a 15-second period.
- Typical values are:
- Male: 140-180 L/min
- Female: 80-120 L/min
Spirometry Interpretation
- Obstructive disorders often show normal or decreased FVC, decreased FEV1, decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, and decreased FEF(25-75%).
- Restrictive disorders typically show decreased FVC, normal or increased FEV1, normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio, and normal FEF(25-75%).
- These tests help in differentiating between types of respiratory disorders
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Description
This quiz explores the various aspects of lung function tests, which assess the efficiency of the respiratory system. Learn about static and dynamic lung functions, as well as key measurements like FEV1 and FVC that are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases. Understand the significance of different lung volumes and capacities.
