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Questions and Answers
What is the initial imaging technique used for detecting lung lesions?
Which therapy is specifically indicated for early-stage lung cancer?
What is a common clinical manifestation of lung cancer?
What is one of the goals of care for a patient with lung cancer?
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Which of the following treatments targets specific molecules to reduce toxicity?
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What is an important nursing diagnosis related to lung cancer?
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How does immune therapy assist in lung cancer treatment?
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Late-stage lung cancer might present with which symptom?
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What should be assessed in a patient experiencing respiratory issues?
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What could indicate the presence of palpable lymph nodes in lung cancer?
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What is the most common type of lung cancer?
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What percentage of lung cancer cases are classified as small cell lung cancer?
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Which stage of lung cancer indicates that it has spread to adjacent structures?
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What is a characteristic of small cell lung cancer?
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What is indicative of the earliest stage of lung cancer?
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What is the main treatment consideration for small cell lung cancer?
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In which stage is lung cancer likely to have metastasized to distant organs?
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Which method is primarily used for screening lung cancer in smokers?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of lung cancer?
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What does it mean if lung cancer is described as 'in situ'?
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Study Notes
Types of Lung Cancer
- Two main types: non-small cell lung cancer (80%) and small cell lung cancer (20%).
- Adenocarcinoma: Most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: Another type within non-small cell lung cancer.
- Small cell lung cancer grows rapidly and is more challenging to treat, often diagnosed after metastasis.
Staging of Lung Cancer
- Stage 1: Cancer confined to the lung.
- Stage 2: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
- Stage 3: Cancer has invaded adjacent structures or multiple sites within the same lung.
- Stage 4: Distant metastasis to other organs, including another lung or bones, and fluid accumulation around the lungs.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Initial screening for smokers includes chest X-ray, followed by CT scan and bronchoscopy for typing and staging.
- Lesions become detectable via X-ray only when they reach a size of about 1 cm, which may take up to two years.
- Additional assessments include MRI, liver function tests, and routine labs.
Management Strategies
- Surgery: Recommended for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer; lobectomy is common.
- Radiation Therapy: Often utilized in combination with other treatments.
- Chemotherapy: General treatment method for lung cancer.
- Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific molecular targets, resulting in less toxicity.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune response against cancer cells; can shrink tumors or slow their growth.
Nursing Management
- Continuous assessment of clinical manifestations is crucial.
- Common symptoms include:
- Persistent cough
- Sputum production
- Hemoptysis
- Chest pain and dyspnea
- Late symptoms: nausea/vomiting, anorexia, weight loss.
- Additional symptoms may include hoarseness and dysphagia, especially if lymph nodes are involved.
Nursing Diagnoses
- Impaired respiratory function
- Pain management needs
- Coping difficulties related to diagnosis
- Deficient knowledge about the disease and treatment process
Goals of Care
- Maintain a patent airway and adequate tissue oxygenation.
- Minimize patient discomfort and provide education to enhance understanding of cancer type.
- Support the patient and family in establishing realistic treatment and prognosis expectations.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the different types of lung cancer, focusing on small cell and non-small cell carcinomas. Understand the characteristics and prevalence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. This quiz will help clarify the crucial distinctions between each type of lung cancer.
