Lung Cancer Overview and Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method for tissue sampling in suspected lung cancer cases?

  • Percutaneous biopsy
  • Transbronchial biopsy
  • Fine needle aspiration
  • Core biopsy (correct)

    • What does a standardized uptake value (SUV) of >2.5 indicate in PET scanning?

  • Normal metabolic activity
  • Likely benign lesion
  • Highly suspicious for malignancy (correct)
  • Need for immediate surgery

    • Which physiological condition can lead to hyponatremia due to the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

  • Malignant tumors (correct)
  • Chemotherapy treatment
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Excessive hydration

    • What is the aim of anatomic staging in cancer management?

    <p>Avoid unnecessary surgical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is considered preferable for identifying sites of malignancy during staging?

    <p>CT-PET scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carcinoma is classified as non-small cell carcinoma?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk factor for lung cancer?

    <p>Low fruit and vegetable intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of smoking cessation before middle age?

    <p>Reduces lung cancer risk by more than 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a clinical manifestation associated with lung cancer?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer due to occupational exposure?

    <p>Asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme polymorphism is associated with an inherited predisposition to lung cancer?

    <p>CYP1A1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the staging system in lung cancer?

    <p>Determining the extent of disease spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of non-small cell lung cancer generally has a better prognosis?

    <p>Stage I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is beneficial in improving the quality of life for individuals with lung cancer?

    <p>Smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lung cancer?

    <p>Tobacco consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor of developing lung cancer for cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers?

    <p>10-fold or greater increased risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is most commonly associated with neuroendocrine markers?

    <p>Small Cell Lung Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group shows the highest rates of lung cancer?

    <p>60-80 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excess risk factor of lung cancer for first-degree relatives of lung cancer probands?

    <p>2 to 3-fold excess risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer may show acinar, papillary, lepidic, or solid features?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rare mutation is linked to lung cancer susceptibility in never-smokers?

    <p>EGFR T790M</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer type primarily arises from tobacco use according to the data?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung cancer is the second most common cancer according to the GLOBOCAN 2000 data?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common histological feature of squamous cell carcinoma tumors?

    <p>Keratinization and/or intercellular bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should prompt an evaluation for an underlying cause in patients with persistent pneumonia?

    <p>Unresponsive to repeated antibiotic courses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is more commonly affected by lung cancer arising in never smokers?

    <p>East Asians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

    <p>Symptoms due to distant metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are systemic symptoms that may feature in malignancy-related paraneoplastic syndromes?

    <p>Weight loss and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What's the primary tumor growth type associated with cough and dyspnea in lung cancer?

    <p>Central or endobronchial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is primarily associated with the most life-threatening metabolic complication?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of post-obstructive pneumonia?

    <p>Wheezing and stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of lung cancer patients may experience endocrine syndromes?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What usually characterizes a persistent pneumonia in patients related to lung cancer?

    <p>Lack of response to antibiotic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be caused by a central lung tumor?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genetic mutations are induced for every 15 cigarettes smoked?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lung cancer risk among individuals who quit smoking?

    <p>Risk is lower and decreases over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four major cell types associated with lung cancer?

    <p>Small-cell lung cancer, Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and Large cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)?

    <p>Smoke inhaled by non-smokers from active smokers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaping poses what kind of emerging risk associated with lung health?

    <p>E-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage increase in lung cancer risk is observed among never smokers married to smokers?

    <p>20-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung cancer is known as SCLC?

    <p>Small-cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concern regarding e-cigarettes or vaping?

    <p>The risks may counterbalance benefits for quitting traditional cigarettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lung Cancer Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

    • Biopsy is the primary method for tissue sampling in suspected lung cancer cases.

    • A standardized uptake value (SUV) of >2.5 in PET scanning indicates a high likelihood of malignancy.

    • Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) can lead to hyponatremia due to the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

    • Anatomic staging in cancer management aims to determine the extent of tumor spread.

    • Computed tomography (CT) scan is considered preferable for identifying sites of malignancy during staging.

    • Cancer-related mortality is primarily caused by metastasis.

    • Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are classified as non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC).

    • Smoking is a common risk factor for lung cancer.

    • Smoking cessation before middle age significantly reduces the risk of developing lung cancer.

    • Clubbing is NOT a clinical manifestation associated with lung cancer.

    • Asbestos is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer due to occupational exposure.

    • CYP1A1 enzyme polymorphism is associated with an inherited predisposition to lung cancer.

    • The staging system in lung cancer focuses on the extent of tumor spread (TNM staging).

    • Stage I NSCLC generally has a better prognosis compared to later stages.

    • Palliative care is beneficial in improving the quality of life for individuals with lung cancer.

    • Carcinogen exposure is the primary cause of lung cancer.

    • Cigarette smokers have a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer compared to non-smokers.

    • Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is most commonly associated with neuroendocrine markers.

    • The highest rates of lung cancer are observed in individuals aged 65 years and older.

    • First-degree relatives of lung cancer probands have an increased risk of developing lung cancer, with an estimated excess risk factor of 2.5-fold.

    • Adenocarcinoma may show acinar, papillary, lepidic, or solid features.

    • The rare mutation EGFR T790M is linked to lung cancer susceptibility in never-smokers.

    • Squamous cell carcinoma primarily arises from tobacco use according to the data.

    • Adenocarcinoma is the second most common cancer according to the GLOBOCAN 2000 data.

    • Keratinization is a common histological feature of squamous cell carcinoma tumors.

    • Persistent pneumonia in patients should prompt an evaluation for an underlying cause.

    • Women are more commonly affected by lung cancer arising in never-smokers.

    • Cough and dyspnea are common presentations in patients with SCLC.

    • Weight loss, fatigue, and anorexia are systemic symptoms that may feature in malignancy-related paraneoplastic syndromes.

    • Central lung tumors are primarily associated with cough and dyspnea in lung cancer.

    • Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is primarily associated with the most life-threatening metabolic complication.

    • Fever is a common symptom of post-obstructive pneumonia.

    • Approximately 10% of lung cancer patients may experience endocrine syndromes.

    • A persistent pneumonia in patients related to lung cancer is usually characterized by unresponsiveness to antibiotics.

    • Hemoptysis is least likely to be caused by a central lung tumor.

    • Approximately 6-10 genetic mutations are induced for every 15 cigarettes smoked.

    • The risk of lung cancer decreases significantly among individuals who quit smoking.

    • Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma are the four major cell types associated with lung cancer.

    • Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) refers to secondhand smoke.

    • Vaping poses an emerging risk associated with lung health, including the potential for lung injury.

    • Never smokers married to smokers have a 30% increase in lung cancer risk.

    • Small cell lung carcinoma is known as SCLC.

    • Toxicity and potential long-term health effects are key concerns regarding e-cigarettes or vaping.

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    Related Documents

    PCCSOM Medicine 2 M.09 Lung Cancer PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on lung cancer, including tissue sampling methods, the significance of standardized uptake values in PET scans, and the physiological factors leading to conditions like SIADH. Explore various aspects of cancer management, including risk factors and staging techniques.

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