Lung Abscess: Causes and Complications
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of lung abscess formation?

  • Permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
  • Granulomatous inflammation
  • Localized area of suppurative necrosis within the pulmonary parenchyma (correct)
  • Chronic pneumonia with regional lymph node involvement
  • Which of the following organisms is NOT a common cause of lung abscess?

  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Pseudomonas spp.
  • Escherichia coli (correct)
  • What is a common clinical feature of chronic pneumonia?

  • Regional lymph node involvement
  • Copious amounts of foul-smelling sputum
  • Hemoptysis
  • Granulomatous inflammation (correct)
  • What is the primary difference between pneumonia in immunocompetent individuals and those with immunocompromised hosts?

    <p>The severity of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungi is a common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of emphysema?

    <p>Permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of emphysema are classified according to anatomic distribution?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between lung abscess and chronic pneumonia?

    <p>The presence of cavities within the pulmonary parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which smoking-related carcinomas of the lung arise?

    <p>Through a stepwise accumulation of driver mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in terms of their location?

    <p>Adenocarcinomas are more peripherally located, while squamous cell carcinomas are more centrally located</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of squamous cell carcinomas in terms of their growth rate and metastasis?

    <p>They grow slowly and metastasize early</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary association between adenocarcinomas and specific demographics?

    <p>Adenocarcinomas are more common in women and never-smokers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of passive smoking on the risk of developing lung cancer?

    <p>It increases the risk of developing lung cancer, but only modestly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of squamous cell carcinomas in terms of their morphological features?

    <p>They form large cavities through central necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary precursor lesion to squamous cell carcinoma?

    <p>Squamous metaplasia or dysplasia in the bronchial epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the dissemination patterns of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinomas disseminate late and locally, while adenocarcinomas disseminate early and widely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor most significantly worsens the effects of inhaled asbestos?

    <p>Exposure to tobacco smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world?

    <p>Silicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), which condition is often a result?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic finding in asymptomatic workers diagnosed with silicosis on routine chest radiographs?

    <p>Fine nodularity in the upper zones of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaled material is known to form complexed forms that have minimal pulmonary dysfunction?

    <p>Simple coal dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary component does coal mine dust contain apart from carbon?

    <p>Inorganic minerals and crystalline silica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pathogenesis, what happens to most inhaled dust?

    <p>It is entrapped in the mucus blanket and removed by ciliary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do particles tend to get impacted in the lungs, leading to the accumulation of macrophages?

    <p>Alveolar duct bifurcations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema is most commonly associated with cigarette smoking?

    <p>Centriacinar (centrilobular)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema primarily involves the distal part of the acinus?

    <p>Distal acinar (paraseptal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema is associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency?

    <p>Panacinar (panlobular)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema often comes to attention in young adults with spontaneous pneumothorax?

    <p>Distal acinar (paraseptal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema is almost invariably associated with scarring?

    <p>Irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first symptom usually noticed in emphysema patients is:

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with chronic bronchitis, the initial complaints may include:

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic bronchitis is defined by the presence of a persistent productive cough for at least how long?

    <p>3 consecutive months in at least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the pathogenesis of early-stage disease described in the text?

    <p>Hypersecretion of mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental irritant is most notably linked to the disease described?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells increase in the epithelial surfaces of smaller bronchi and bronchioles due to environmental irritants?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammatory cells are involved in the reaction to environmental irritants?

    <p>Macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms can persist indefinitely in some patients without ventilatory dysfunction?

    <p>Cough and sputum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?

    <p>Irreversible airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factors contribute to the development of asthma?

    <p>Genetic predisposition to type I hypersensitivity, acute and chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is asthma most commonly classified in terms of its origin?

    <p>Atopic and nonatopic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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