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Questions and Answers

Which type of angina is verapamil and diltiazem contraindicated in?

  • Unstable angina
  • Prinzmetal angina (correct)
  • Variant angina
  • Stable angina
  • Which of the following is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers?

  • Ventricular arrhythmias
  • Headache (correct)
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Which potassium channel activator causes hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle?

  • Verapamil
  • Nicorandil (correct)
  • Ivabradine
  • Diltiazem
  • Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used for hypertension?

    <p>Amlodipine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits funny "f"-type channels in the heart?

    <p>Ivabradine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is safe to use in patients with heart failure?

    <p>Amlodipine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used for Prinzmetal angina?

    <p>Lercanidipine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker reduces AV conduction and myocardial contractility?

    <p>Verapamil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used as an antidysrhythmic?

    <p>Verapamil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a last resort for angina?

    <p>Ranolazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause a reduction in the window for coronary blood flow?

    <p>Aortic valve stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of coronary ischaemia?

    <p>Atherosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of angina is caused by sudden ischaemia resulting from thrombosis?

    <p>Unstable angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause angina due to cellular calcium overload?

    <p>Ischaemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic distribution of pain in angina pectoris?

    <p>Left side of chest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger angina pectoris?

    <p>Exertion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical nature of chest pain in angina pectoris?

    <p>Tight and constricting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe angina caused by coronary spasms?

    <p>Variant angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a reduction in diastolic arterial pressure?

    <p>Mitral valve incompetence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a reduction in the window for coronary blood flow?

    <p>Aortic valve stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of angina is associated with a fixed narrowing of the coronary arteries?

    <p>Stable Angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of organic nitrates?

    <p>Vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina occurs at rest and with less exertion than stable angina?

    <p>Unstable Angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of organic nitrates in stable angina?

    <p>Prevention shortly before exertion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is important in the prophylaxis and treatment of stable and unstable angina?

    <p>Beta-blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on muscle cells?

    <p>Inhibit calcium entry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm?

    <p>Variant (Prinzmetal) Angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common unwanted effects of organic nitrates?

    <p>Headache and postural hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of beta-blockers on the heart?

    <p>Slowing down the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of angina is a thrombus around a ruptured atheromatous plaque present?

    <p>Unstable Angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of angina pectoris?

    <p>Atherosclerosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical nature of chest pain in angina pectoris?

    <p>Severe and crushing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic distribution of pain in angina pectoris?

    <p>Left side of the chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers angina pectoris?

    <p>Exertion, cold, and excitement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a reduction in the window for coronary blood flow?

    <p>Increased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of coronary ischaemia?

    <p>Atherosclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm?

    <p>Variant angina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina occurs at rest and with less exertion than stable angina?

    <p>Unstable angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a reduction in diastolic arterial pressure?

    <p>Mitral valve incompetence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of organic nitrates in stable angina?

    <p>To relieve chest pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in heart failure, bradycardia, AV block, or in the presence of a Beta-Blocker?

    <p>Verapamil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used for Prinzmetal angina?

    <p>Amlodipine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potassium channel activator causes hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>Nicorandil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits funny 'f'-type channels in the heart and reduces cardiac pacemaker activity?

    <p>Ivabradine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a last resort for angina?

    <p>Ranolazine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker mainly reduces AV conduction and myocardial contractility?

    <p>Verapamil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker mainly dilates coronary vessels, which is important in variant angina?

    <p>Verapamil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used for hypertension?

    <p>Amlodipine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is safe to use in patients with heart failure?

    <p>Amlodipine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is important in the prophylaxis and treatment of stable and unstable angina?

    <p>Beta-blockers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of medications is commonly used as a first-line treatment for stable and unstable angina?

    <p>Beta-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of organic nitrates?

    <p>Relax smooth muscle and vasodilate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm?

    <p>Variant (Prinzmetal) angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker is mainly used for Prinzmetal angina?

    <p>Verapamil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of organic nitrates in stable angina?

    <p>Prevention by sublingual administration before exertion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina is associated with a fixed narrowing of the coronary arteries?

    <p>Stable angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger angina pectoris?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium channel blocker reduces AV conduction and myocardial contractility?

    <p>Verapamil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of coronary ischaemia?

    <p>Atherosclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of angina is a thrombus around a ruptured atheromatous plaque present?

    <p>Unstable angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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