Lower Urinary Tract Infections Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains the sterility of the bladder?

  • Antibacterial enzymes
  • Bacterial Invasion (correct)
  • Urine flow
  • Antiadherent effects mediated by mucosal cells

    • What is a common route of infection for many UTIs according to the text?

  • Direct skin-to-skin contact
  • Ascending from the perineum to the urethra and bladder (correct)
  • Inhaling contaminated air
  • Hematogenous spread from other infections

    • Which of the following is NOT a contributing condition to urinary tract infections as mentioned in the text?

  • Gout
  • Healthy immune system (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy

    • What can help the bladder clear large numbers of bacteria according to the provided information?

    <p>Increased shedding of bladder epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for lower UTIs according to the text?

    <p>Urethral strictures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for bacteria to initiate inflammation in the urinary tract?

    <p>Attachment to the epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the urinary tract?

    <p>Forms a water barrier between the bladder and urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can bacteria enter the urinary tract through the transurethral route?

    <p>By colonizing the periurethral area from fecal contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to an increased incidence of UTIs in sexually active women?

    <p>Forcing of bacteria from the bladder to the urethra during intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common signs and symptoms of an uncomplicated lower UTI?

    <p>Urinary frequency and urgency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do manifestations of complicated UTIs differ from uncomplicated UTIs?

    <p>Complicated UTIs can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to gram-negative sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a patient with a catheter who develops signs and symptoms of septic shock be evaluated?

    <p>If they suddenly develop signs and symptoms of septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

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