Lower Urinary Tract Infections Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains the sterility of the bladder?

  • Antibacterial enzymes
  • Bacterial Invasion (correct)
  • Urine flow
  • Antiadherent effects mediated by mucosal cells

What is a common route of infection for many UTIs according to the text?

  • Direct skin-to-skin contact
  • Ascending from the perineum to the urethra and bladder (correct)
  • Inhaling contaminated air
  • Hematogenous spread from other infections

Which of the following is NOT a contributing condition to urinary tract infections as mentioned in the text?

  • Gout
  • Healthy immune system (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy

What can help the bladder clear large numbers of bacteria according to the provided information?

<p>Increased shedding of bladder epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for lower UTIs according to the text?

<p>Urethral strictures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for bacteria to initiate inflammation in the urinary tract?

<p>Attachment to the epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the urinary tract?

<p>Forms a water barrier between the bladder and urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can bacteria enter the urinary tract through the transurethral route?

<p>By colonizing the periurethral area from fecal contamination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to an increased incidence of UTIs in sexually active women?

<p>Forcing of bacteria from the bladder to the urethra during intercourse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs and symptoms of an uncomplicated lower UTI?

<p>Urinary frequency and urgency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do manifestations of complicated UTIs differ from uncomplicated UTIs?

<p>Complicated UTIs can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to gram-negative sepsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a patient with a catheter who develops signs and symptoms of septic shock be evaluated?

<p>If they suddenly develop signs and symptoms of septic shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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