Lorazepam (Ativan) Flashcards

Study Notes

Lorazepam (Ativan) Overview

Classified as a therapeutic agent used for analgesic adjuncts, antianxiety, and sedative/hypnotic purposes.
Pharmacologically, it belongs to the benzodiazepine category.

Expected Pharmacological Action

Acts by depressing the central nervous system (CNS) and enhancing GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Therapeutic Uses

Provides sedation and reduces anxiety.
Effective in controlling seizures.

Complications (Adverse Reactions/Side Effects)

CNS Effects: Includes dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, headache, confusion, and memory impairments.
Visual: May cause blurred vision.
Respiratory: Risks of respiratory depression.
Cardiovascular: Rapid intravenous use can lead to apnea, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, and hypotension.
Gastrointestinal: Potential side effects include constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and unusual weight gain.
Dermatological: Possible rashes can occur.
Miscellaneous: Risks of physical and psychological dependence, tolerance can develop.

Contraindications/Precautions

Contraindications include hypersensitivity, active CNS depression, uncontrolled severe pain, angle-closure glaucoma, and severe hypotension.
Precautions required for patients with hepatic, renal, or pulmonary impairment, myasthenia gravis, or a history of drug abuse.
Pregnancy and lactation warrant careful consideration due to risks of CNS depression in neonates.

Drug Interactions

Use with caution alongside opioids or other CNS depressants as it may lead to severe sedation or respiratory complications.
Smoking increases metabolism and decreases effectiveness; certain drugs can alter lorazepam levels, necessitating dose adjustments.

Evaluation of Effectiveness

Indicators of effectiveness include improved sense of well-being, reduced anxiety, and enhanced sleep patterns.
Should also assess any postoperative amnesia.

Medication Administration

Patients should remain supine for eight hours post-parenteral administration.
Sublingual administration is possible for quicker effects.
IM doses are to be given deep into muscle at least two hours before surgical procedures.

Nursing Interventions

Regularly assess the ongoing need for treatment, especially in geriatric patients due to increased sensitivity.
Monitor for CNS effects and the patient’s safety regarding fall risks.
High-dose therapy should involve routine evaluations of liver and kidney function.
Flumazenil (Romazicon) is the designated antidote for overdoses but is contraindicated in seizure disorder.

Client Education

Emphasize that lorazepam is intended for short-term use and does not address underlying problems.
Gradual dose reduction is crucial to avoid withdrawal symptoms, including tremors and nausea.
Promote anxiety-reduction techniques such as exercise and therapy.
Advise against activities that require alertness until familiar with the medication's effects and warn against alcohol use.
Stress the importance of follow-up appointments to evaluate the medication's effectiveness.

Description

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to Lorazepam (Ativan), including its classification, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic uses. Explore the therapeutic benefits and potential complications associated with this medication. Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field.