Drug Classification: Lorazepam Overview

Study Notes

Drug Classification

Lorazepam is classified as an anxiolytic and a benzodiazepine, used to manage anxiety and related disorders.

Safe Dose Range

Oral dosage ranges from 1-3 mg three times daily (TID).
Intramuscular (IM) administration is dosed at 50 mcg/kg, not exceeding 4 mg per day.

Pharmacological Action

Acts as a central nervous system depressant.
Likely enhances the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Therapeutic Uses

Effective for sedation and anxiety reduction.
Utilized to manage seizures and treat extrapyramidal side effects (motor control issues).
Aids in managing withdrawal symptoms from alcohol.

Side Effects/Adverse Effects

Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, and headaches.
Can cause confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, blurred vision, and respiratory depression.
May lead to gastrointestinal disturbances (constipation or diarrhea).
Risks of physical and psychological dependence, hypo/hypertension, and bradycardia.

Medication/Food Interactions

Alcohol consumption is contraindicated as it may enhance sedative effects.
Avoid co-administration with antidepressants and other benzodiazepines.
Hormonal contraceptives may interact with efficacy.
Cigarette smoking reduces the effectiveness of lorazepam.

Nursing Interventions/Client Education

Administer medication per physician directives; short-term use is standard.
Gradually taper doses to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
Educate on alternative anxiety reduction techniques.
Warn about potential drowsiness and dizziness, especially in elderly patients, who may be more sensitive.
Monitor for increased risk of falls in older adults.

Nursing Administration (Concerns)

Ensure not to confuse lorazepam (Ativan) with hydroxyzine (Atarax).
Keep patients in a supine position for at least 8 hours post-administration for monitoring.
Rapid intravenous (IV) administration can lead to serious conditions, including apnea, hypotension, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest.
Assess for signs of CNS depression; may also induce seizures.
Monitor renal, hepatic, and hematologic function regularly.
Flumazenil (Romazicon) serves as the antidote in cases of overdose.

Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness

Assess for improvements in patient wellness and the reduction of pre-operative anxiety.
Monitor enhancements in sleep patterns as an indicator of therapeutic effectiveness.

Description

This quiz explores the classification, dosage, pharmacological action, and therapeutic uses of Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine used for anxiety management. Additionally, it covers the potential side effects and risks associated with its use. Test your knowledge on this critical medication!