Longevity and Human Capital Investment

Within the context of the Ben-Porath model, how does increased longevity primarily influence an individual's decision regarding human capital investment?

According to the research using data from U.S. cohorts of men born 1840-1970, what key aspect must be considered when evaluating the effect of longevity on lifetime labor supply, according to Hazan (2009)?

What critical assumption within the Ben-Porath model needs to be considered to reconcile the relationship between longevity and labor supply?

How does the 'rectangularization' of the survival law, as referenced by Cervellati and Sunde (2013), conceptually alter the conventional understanding of longevity's impact on economic behavior?

If a government aims to increase both longevity and human capital investment, which policy would be the MOST effective based on the presented economic models?

What key factors determine the timing of the demographic transition according to the content?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the economic development disparities observed globally?

How do demographic dynamics influence development and inequality?

Based on the data presented, which factor does not contribute significantly to disparities in economic development?

Which of the following values represents a country with a relatively high level of democracy according to the Polity-V data?

What is a primary consequence of long-run economic growth that leads to discussions about institutional change?

What aspect of individual intertemporal decisions is most influenced by health and longevity?

If a country transitions from a fertility rate of 5.0 to 2.0, what broad implication might this demographic shift have, assuming other factors remain constant?

How do inclusive institutions potentially foster economic development compared to extractive ones?

Which of the following reflects evidence supporting the role of demographic transition timing, as indicated in the content?

Which 'global mega trend' is most likely to exacerbate existing inequalities if not properly addressed through policy and innovation?

What is a common theme in debates regarding the income-democracy nexus?

According to the material, what is closely linked to heterogeneous demographics in the context of global development patterns?

Consider a country with low tertiary education rates and high fertility rates. What long-term economic challenges might it face compared to a country with high tertiary education and low fertility?

How might democratic reversals impact a country's long-term economic development?

In models of institutional change, what is the typical basis for these changes?

According to Acemoglu and Johnson's research in the JPE 2007, what type of evidence regarding the relationship between life expectancy and economic growth did they find?

In the Solow-type closed economy model, what does the parameter $\eta$ represent in the context of life expectancy and growth?

In the Solow-type model, if an increase in life expectancy ($T$) leads to a decrease in population ($N$), while other factors remain constant, what would be the likely impact on income per capita, assuming $\alpha = 0.5$, $\theta = 0.2$, $\eta = 0.3$, and $\lambda = -0.1$?

Consider the equation $\ln y_t = \alpha \ln A_t + \alpha \ln h_t - (1 - \alpha) \ln N_t + B_t$. Which of the following best describes the implications of a higher $N_t$ (population) assuming $\alpha < 1$?

In the context of the 2-way fixed effects model, what is the purpose of including $\zeta_i$ and $\mu_t$ in the equation $\ln y_{it} = \pi \ln T_t + \zeta_i + \mu_t + u_{it}$?

Based on the data presented, what general trend is observed regarding the share of individuals with some formal education between 1960 and 2000?

According to the 'Preston Curve', what relationship is generally observed between life expectancy at birth and GDP per capita?

How did the distribution of life expectancy at birth change between 1960 and 2000, according to the provided data?

What trend is evident in the distribution of child mortality rates between 1960 and 2000?

Based on the provided information, how did the distribution of the share of skilled (educated) individuals change between 1960 and 2000?

What general trend is observed in the total (gross) fertility rate between 1960 and 2000?

How did the distribution of the net reproduction rate change between 1960 and 2000?

What trend is observed in the distribution of income per capita between 1960 and 2000?

Based on the presented 'facts' of long-run growth, which of the following is a characteristic of the model?

How have increases in human capital affected the skill premium?

How did the change in percentage with some formal education relate to life expectancy at birth, considering a lag of 20 years?

What factor related to market dynamics substantially increased during the period studied?

What factor influences the variability in growth rates according to the long-run growth model?

In analyzing the change in the share of educated individuals over 40 years, what scenarios are considered in addition to the baseline model?

What previously overlooked factor did Jones and Romer (2010) suggest is important to capture in formal models of economic growth?

According to the content, how does the effect of life expectancy on fertility change during the demographic transition?

What might be a reason for observing a non-monotonic effect of life expectancy on fertility?

Based on the figures provided, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the relationship between changes in log life expectancy and changes in log population from 1940-1980?

Considering the graphs showing 'Change in Log GDP per capita 1940-1980,' what can be inferred about the relationship between life expectancy increases and economic growth?

Which of the following countries experienced both a substantial increase in life expectancy and a relatively modest increase in GDP per capita between 1940 and 1980, according to the provided figures?

Which of the following is a potential implication of the observed relationship between life expectancy and demographic transition for economic modeling?

Suppose a country implements policies that significantly increase life expectancy. Based on the documented demographic transition, what broader effects might one anticipate?

Based on the graphical data, which region saw a notable rise in both life expectancy and GDP per capita from 1940 to 1980?

Assuming that the observed trends from 1940-1980 hold in subsequent periods, how might a country in the early stages of demographic transition strategically leverage increased life expectancy for economic development?

What could be a plausible factor explaining why some countries, despite significant gains in life expectancy between 1940 and 1980, did not experience a corresponding boom in GDP per capita?

If a researcher aims to predict future population growth in a developing country, how should they account for the relationship between life expectancy and fertility?

How might rapid technological advancements in healthcare influence the demographic transition of a developing nation?

Considering the potential for misspecification in empirical models, what step might researchers take to ensure the validity of their conclusions regarding life expectancy and demographic transition?

In a country with a traditionally agrarian economy, how might increased life expectancy influence the rate of urbanization?

How can governments use the understanding of the demographic transition to formulate better social and economic policies?