65 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of Long-term Memory?
It is an aspect of our memory system where information can be stored for long periods of time
What was the outcome of the surgery performed on Patient H.M. in 1953?
He was no longer able to form new explicit long-term memories
What is the name of the neurosurgeon who performed the surgery on Patient H.M. in 1953?
W.B.Scoville
Where did Patient H.M. live after the surgery?
A care institute in Connecticut, United States
What is the significance of Patient H.M.'s case in the study of memory?
It played an important role in the development of theories of memory
What is the critical brain structure for the formation of long-term memories?
Hippocampus
What is the primary characteristic of nondeclarative/implicit memory?
Stored information that we do not have conscious access
What is the term for the memory of how to perform a skill, such as riding a bicycle?
Procedural memory
What is the process by which we associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response?
Classical conditioning
What is the name of the patient who learned to perform new tasks despite being unable to recollect learning them?
H.M.
What is the term for the type of memory that involves stored information that influences our behavior?
Implicit memory
How are procedural memories typically formed?
Through practice and repetition
What type of memory allows us to recall specific events and experiences from our past?
Episodic Memory
What is the primary difference between Episodic Memory and Semantic Memory?
Episodic Memory stores personal experiences, while Semantic Memory stores general knowledge
What is an example of a spatial context in Episodic Memory?
Meeting a friend at a coffee shop
What is the purpose of the class exercise described in the text?
To illustrate the importance of Episodic Memory in everyday life
What is the answer to the question 'Do people get better on a skill with practice?'
Yes
What is the relationship between practice and learning, according to the text?
Practice improves learning, even if it's not recalled
What is the primary characteristic of long-term memory?
Unlimited storage capacity
What type of memory system includes memories that are not consciously accessible?
Non-declarative memory system
What is the term for memories of personal experiences or episodes occurring in a given place and at a specific time?
Episodic memory
What are the two main systems of long-term memory, according to cognitive psychologists?
Declarative and non-declarative memory
What type of memory is responsible for storing knowledge of social rules and general knowledge?
Semantic memory
Which type of memory is characterized by memories that are available to conscious awareness and can be talked about?
Declarative memory
What is the initial storage site of long-term memories in the brain?
Hippocampus
What is the process of consolidating memories, according to the text?
Transforming memory representations into a more stable state
What happens to memories over time, according to the text?
They become more resilient to forgetting
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory formation?
To initially store memories for long-term retention
What is the outcome of the consolidation process, as described in the text?
Memories become stronger and more resilient
What is the primary division of the Serial Position Effect?
Recency and Primacy Effects
What is the reason why the Primacy Effect occurs?
Because the items in the beginning of the list received more attention and were rehearsed more
What is the reason why the Recency Effect occurs?
Because the items at the end of the list were recently placed in short-term memory
What is the term for the tendency to remember the early part of the list than the middle part?
Primacy Effect
What is the term for the tendency to remember the last items on the list better than the middle items?
Recency Effect
What is the Serial Position Effect a phenomenon of?
Memory for lists of items
What is the primary phenomenon observed in the serial position effect?
Items at the beginning and end of the list are more likely to be remembered
What is the main reason behind the serial position effect?
The order of items in the list affects the probability of recalling an item
What is the purpose of the recall memory test in the class exercise?
To test the students' ability to recall a list of words
What is a characteristic of items at the beginning and end of the list in the serial position effect?
They are more likely to be remembered
What is the impact of the serial position effect on memory retrieval?
It affects the accuracy of our retrieval and the order of the items
What is the serial position effect also known as?
Primacy and Recency Effects
What is the primary focus of the lecture today?
To learn about the measurement of long-term memory
What is the task of the students in the first test?
To study a list of words and recall them later
What is the purpose of the filler trial in the first test?
To provide a break between the encoding and test phases
How many words are presented to the students in the encoding phase of the first test?
12 words
What is the instruction given to the students in the test phase of the first test?
To write down as many words as they can remember
What is the main difference between explicit and implicit memory tests?
Explicit memory tests require conscious recall, while implicit memory tests do not
What is the primary purpose of the encoding phase in a memory test?
To present stimuli to be remembered to participants
What is the primary characteristic of the retrieval phase in a memory test?
Asking participants to recall or recognize previously studied information
What is the difference between free recall and cue recall in a memory test?
Free recall does not provide any hint, while cue recall provides a hint to aid memory
What is the primary purpose of a recall test in a memory test?
To test the participants' ability to recall previously studied information
What is an example of a stimulus that can be presented during the encoding phase of a memory test?
A list of words
What is the primary difference between the encoding phase and the retrieval phase in a memory test?
The encoding phase is when stimuli are presented, while the retrieval phase is when information is retrieved
What is the primary difference between a recall test and a recognition test?
The method of generating versus identifying information
What type of test is being described when the test requires generating the information previously studied?
Recall test
What is the main purpose of a recognition test?
To identify the information previously studied
What is an example of a recall test?
Generating the information from a previous study
What is the term for the type of test that involves generating the information previously studied?
Recall test
What is the primary difference between recall and recognition tests?
The method of generating versus identifying information
What is the primary purpose of the word-stem completion task in the class activity?
To induce priming and assess implicit memory
What type of memory is being tested in the task that asks participants to indicate whether a word is pleasant or unpleasant?
Explicit memory
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants are influenced by a word or stimulus they were previously exposed to, without consciously realizing it?
Priming
What is the primary difference between the training phase and the test phase of the word-stem completion task?
The instructions given to participants in each phase
What is the purpose of the question asked during the training phase of the word-stem completion task?
To ensure participants paid attention to the words
What type of memory is tested in the word-fragment completion task?
Implicit memory
Test your knowledge of long-term memory, its classification, and the processes involved in its formation. Learn about the role of brain structures and the famous case of Patient H.M. in shaping our understanding of memory.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
