Long-Chain Fatty Acid Breakdown Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is made of two microtubular structures at right angles to one another?

  • Hemidesmosome
  • Centrosome (correct)
  • Desmosome
  • Neurofilament

    • Which protein family includes members that move toward the (+) end of microtubules?

  • ATPases
  • Kinesin (correct)
  • Myosins
  • Dynein

    • What provides movement of chromosomes during cell division?

  • Keratins
  • Neurofilaments
  • Microtubules (correct)
  • Vimentin

    • What is the function of microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)?

    <p>Organize the mitotic and meiotic spindle apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filament type is highly dynamic due to rapid disassembly and reassembly?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein that forms the hollow tubules of microtubules?

    <p>Tubulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein family includes members that move toward the (-) end of microtubules?

    <p>Dynein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of microtubules in centrioles?

    <p>9+0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the function of miRNA and siRNA?

    <p>Regulate gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of biology?

    <p>DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA?

    <p>Carry amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of telomeres in cell reproduction?

    <p>Prevent degradation of genetic material at the ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?

    <p>Promoter region/TATA box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of forming a protein on the ribosomes?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of rRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Component of the ribosome where protein synthesis occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase?

    <p>Prevents the degradation of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cancer according to the text?

    <p>Mutation or abnormal activation of genes that control cell growth and/or mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the TATA box in gene expression?

    <p>Ensures transcription starts at the proper point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gene mutations?

    <p>Alter the base sequence in the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the promoter in genetic regulation?

    <p>Controls gene expression at the site of transcription start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histones in chromosome formation?

    <p>Associate with 'new' DNA helices to form chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rate of cell growth?

    <p>Growth factors, contact inhibition, and cellular secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomeres in cell division?

    <p>Prevent the degradation of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the selective repression/expression of specific genes during cell differentiation?

    <p>Inductions and interactions between different parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the translation of mRNA into protein take place?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>Sugar component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?

    <p>Carries amino acids and recognizes codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

    <p>miRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Forms the structure of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic information to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of micro RNA (miRNA) in gene expression?

    <p>Post-transcriptional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in the cell?

    <p>Contains genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of genes in the context of heredity and cell function?

    <p>Control the formation of RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis and Cell Function

    • Transcription of RNA from DNA occurs in the nucleus, with one DNA strand transcribed into pre-mRNA and then modified into mRNA.
    • Translation of mRNA into protein takes place in the cytoplasm, where it associates with ribosomes and tRNA molecules.
    • Genes, made of DNA, are the functional units of heredity and control the formation of RNA, which carries out the work.
    • Nucleotides, which contain a sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing base, form the backbone of RNA and DNA.
    • DNA and RNA have similar primary structures but differ in their sugar component, with DNA being metabolically stable and RNA in dynamic equilibrium with the AA pool.
    • DNA is compacted in the cell by association with histones into chromosomes, with a diploid human cell containing 46 chromosomes.
    • DNA, composed of discrete units called genes, forms a double-stranded molecule with four nitrogenous bases between the strands.
    • The genome, the collection of genes expressing the full DNA of an organism, codes for proteins and produces different cell types.
    • Transcription involves the transfer of the DNA code to the cytoplasm through RNA, with genetic code consisting of successive triplets of bases.
    • RNA is produced by the transcription of genes along a DNA strand and includes messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
    • Transfer RNA acts as a carrier molecule during protein synthesis, recognizing specific codons and combining with amino acids.
    • Micro RNA is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, affecting protein synthesis, mRNA degradation, and sequestering.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids through beta-oxidation. Explore the differences between peroxisomes and lysosomes in handling longer chain FAs.

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