Logic and Argumentation Quiz

Fundamental Nursing Introduction

• Nursing was introduced using Latinward "mutire"
• The goal was to protect and nourish the patient
• Lady with the lamp refers to Florence Nightingale
• Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Italy

Florence Nightingale

• Considered the "founder" of modern nursing
• Trained at Kaiserwerth in 1851
• Completed training in 1853
• Became known as the "Lady with the Lamp"
• Opened the Nightingale school of nursing at St. Thomas's Hospital in 1860
• Awarded the Red Cross in 1893
• Died May 13, 1910, in London, but funeral in Italy

Nursing Theories

• Environmental Theory: Developed by Florence Nightingale. Key elements include natural light, fresh air, water, and nutritional food.
• Self-care Theory: Focuses on patients' abilities
• IPR Theory: Addresses interpersonal relationships and nursing care practices
• Need Theory: By Virginia Henderson, emphasizing the nursing process to meet patients' basic needs.
• Problem Theory: By Abdulla, focusing on patient problems as the subject matter

Nursing Theories Continued

• Stress Adaptation Theory: By Betty Newman
• Roy's Adaptation Model: By Roy
• Goal Attainment Theory: By King
• Nursing Process: By Ida Orlando
• Transcultural Theory: By Leininger

Nursing Process

• A systematic approach in nursing practice
• Steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

Interpersonal Relationship Theory

• Developed by Peplau
• Phases: pre-introductory, orientation, working, termination

Ways of Thermogenesis

• Temperature regulation is controlled via the hypothalamus
• Anterior hypothalamus detects heat levels
• Posterior hypothalamus controls heat production
• Loss of heat centers - hypothalmus

Ways of Heat Loss

• Conduction: Heat transfer between objects in direct contact
• Convection: Heat transfer by moving fluids (air, water)
• Radiation: Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves
• Evaporation: Heat loss through sweat evaporation

Temperature Measurement

• Oral: 98.6°F (37°C)
• Axillary: 97.6°F (36.4°C)
• Rectal: 99.6°F (37.5°C)
• Temporal: (Ear)
• Different Types of Therometers (Digital, Disposable, oral etc) ... including how they work

Fever Types

• Crisis: Sudden drop in temperature
• Lysis: Gradual decrease in temperature
• Hectic: Wide variation in temperature, alternating between high and low points
• Inversion: Evening temperatures are higher than morning temperatures.
• Remittent: Temperatures fluctuate, with a daily variation of more than 1°F.
• Continuous: Involves less fluctuation in temperature of 1°F or less overall.
• Stepladder: Slight increase, then maintenance of several days, with another slight increase.

Pulse Types

• Tachycardia: Faster-than-normal pulse
• Bradycardia: Slower-than-normal pulse
• Dicrotic: Double pulsation, a single heart beat with a double
• Thready: Weak, difficult to palpate.
• Bounding: Strong and easily palpable.
• Intermittent: Irregularly spaced beats

Respiration

• Normal Respiration (Eupnoea): 12-20 breaths/min.
• Abnormal: Tachycardia (rapid), Bradycardia (slow), Aphnia (sudden cessation), Hypoxia (low oxygen level in tissue), and Hyperpnoea (deep breathing)
• Different sounds including abnormal sounds such as stridor, wheezing, crackles.

Management of Fever, Dyspnoea, Pain

• Assessment.
• Providing comfortable position for patient
• Medication (per doctor's order)
• Various therapies, including nebulization, and other related therapies
• Education on potential health risks.

Blood Pressure Measurements

• Definition
• Instrument and method of measurement
• Normal (120/80 mmHG)
• Systolic and diastolic pressures
• Age-based measurements

Oxygen Therapy Types

• Method of delivering oxygen to patients
• Types of devices for oxygen therapy.
• Different devices depending on patient requirements
• Complications

Enemas Types

• Various uses and applications of different types of enemas.
• Enema composition.
• Contraindication.
• How it works.

Test your knowledge on the elements that construct a valid argument in logic. This quiz covers key concepts like the importance of validity, factors influencing arguments, and techniques to enhance persuasiveness. Perfect for students of philosophy or anyone interested in strengthening their reasoning skills.