Valid and Invalid Argument Forms
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Questions and Answers

The ______ is a valid argument form.

Affirming the Antecedent

Which of the following is the correct form of Affirming the Antecedent?

  • Either p or q. q. Therefore, p.
  • If p, then q. Not p. Therefore, not q.
  • If p, then q. p. Therefore, q. (correct)
  • If p, then q. q. Therefore, p.

Which of the following is the correct form of Denying the Consequent?

  • If p, then q. Not q. Therefore, not p. (correct)
  • If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.
  • Either p or q. q. Therefore, p.
  • If p, then q. q. Therefore, p.

Which of the following is the correct form of Hypothetical Syllogism?

<p>If p, then q If q, then r. Therefore, if p, then r. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct form of Disjunctive Syllogism?

<p>Either p or q Not p Therefore, q (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct form of Affirming the Consequent?

<p>If p, then q q Therefore, p (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct form of Denying the Antecedent?

<p>If p, then q Not p Therefore, not q (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Modus Ponens

A valid argument form where if the antecedent (p) is true, then the consequent (q) must also be true.

Modus Tollens

A valid argument form where if the consequent (q) is false, then the antecedent (p) must also be false.

Hypothetical Syllogism

A valid argument form that links two conditional statements together to form a new conditional statement. If p implies q and q implies r, then p implies r.

Disjunctive Syllogism

A valid argument form where if one of two options (p or q) is false, then the other must be true.

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Affirming the Consequent

An INVALID argument form where if the consequent (q) is true, it doesn't necessarily mean the antecedent (p) is true.

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Denying the Antecedent

An INVALID argument form where if the antecedent (p) is false, it doesn't mean the consequent (q) must also be false.

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Antecedent

In a conditional statement (if p, then q), the antecedent (p) is the part that precedes the 'then'.

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Consequent

In a conditional statement (if p, then q), the consequent (q) is the part that follows the 'then'.

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Valid Argument

An argument where the conclusion logically follows from the premises. If the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true.

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Invalid Argument

An argument where the conclusion does not logically follow from the premises, even if the premises are true.

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Premise

A statement that serves as the basis for an argument.

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Conclusion

The final statement in an argument that is supported by the premises.

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Conditional Statement

A statement in the form 'If p, then q'. It states a relationship between two propositions.

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Proposition

A statement that can be either true or false.

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Syllogism

A type of argument that consists of three parts: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

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Argument

A set of statements that together present a claim or conclusion.

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Logic

The study of reasoning and argumentation. It aims to identify valid and invalid arguments.

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Truth Value

The truth or falsity of a proposition.

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Study Notes

Valid Argument Forms

  • Affirming the Antecedent (Modus Ponens):

    • If p, then q.
    • p.
    • Therefore, q.
    • Example: If Raven barks, a burglar is in the house. Raven is barking. Therefore, a burglar is in the house.

  • Denying the Consequent (Modus Tollens):

    • If p, then q.
    • Not q.
    • Therefore, not p.
    • Example: If it's raining, the park is closed. The park is not closed. Therefore, it's not raining.

  • Hypothetical Syllogism:

    • If p, then q.
    • If q, then r.
    • Therefore, if p, then r.
    • Example: If Ajax steals the money, he will go to jail. If Ajax goes to jail, his family will suffer. Therefore, if Ajax steals the money, his family will suffer.

  • Disjunctive Syllogism:

    • Either p or q.
    • Not p.
    • Therefore, q.
    • Example: Either Zein walked the dog, or he stayed home. He didn't walk the dog. Therefore, he stayed home.

Invalid Argument Forms

  • Affirming the Consequent:

    • If p, then q.
    • q.
    • Therefore, p.
    • Example: If the cat is on the mat, she is asleep. She is asleep. Therefore, she is on the mat.
    • Note: This is an invalid form of reasoning.

  • Denying the Antecedent:

    • If p, then q.
    • Not p.
    • Therefore, not q.
    • Example: If the cat is on the mat, she is asleep. She is not on the mat. Therefore, she is not asleep.
    • Note: This is an invalid form of reasoning.

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A Brief Look at Logic PDF

Description

This quiz explores valid and invalid argument forms, crucial for understanding logical reasoning. Students will encounter examples of Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, Hypothetical Syllogism, and more. Test your ability to recognize and apply these logical structures effectively.

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