12 Questions
Local Anesthetics interrupt pain impulses in a specific region of the body without a loss of consciousness
agent
Local Infiltration is a type of local anesthesia that involves direct injection into tissues to reach nerve branches
Local Anesthesia
The two main classes of local anesthetics are ester linked and amide linked
LA
The ideal properties of local anesthetics include low systemic toxicity, quick onset of action, and duration of action sufficient for the surgical procedure
Soluble in water and stable in solution
Surface Anesthetics: – – Soluble agents:
Cocaine, Lignocaine
Differences between Ester LAs and Amide LAs Ester LAs Amide L As short duration
longer duration
Hypersensitivity:
high
Mechanism of Action LAs block action potential generation by blocking sodium channels. LAs interact with a receptor situated within the voltage sensitive Na channel and raise threshold of channel opening:
– Na permeability fails to increase in response to an impulse or stimulus.
Frequency – dependant block Also called:
– use dependence block
Depth of block increases with action potential frequency Order of sensory function block 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Pain Cold Warmth Touch Deep Pressure Motor
Main unwanted effects CNS effects:
– Agitation, confusion, tremors, convulsions and respiratory depression
Vasoconstrictors:
– decrease the rate of vascular absorption – more anesthetic reaches the nerve membrane – improves the depth of anesthesia – increases duration of action – decreases systemic toxicity 1:200,000 epinephrine appears to be the best vasoconstrictor
Test your knowledge on local anesthetics with this quiz. Learn about the advantages, properties, classification, mechanism of action, rational uses, and differences between ester and amide local anesthetics. Understand the main unwanted effects and enhance your understanding of this important aspect of pharmacology.
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