Local Anaesthetics in Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Questions and Answers

Which type of nerve fibers are preferentially blocked by local anesthetics?

  • Motor nerves
  • Small myelinated axons (correct)
  • Large myelinated axons
  • Non-myelinated axons

In nerve bundles, which fibers are affected first by local anesthetics?

  • Motor nerves
  • Circumferential fibers (correct)
  • Large myelinated axons
  • Sensory fibers

What factor affects the absorption of local anesthetics?

  • pH level
  • Vasoactive drugs (correct)
  • Drug metabolism
  • Body temperature

Which type of local anesthetics are metabolized by plasma cholinesterases?

<p>Esters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hazard for local anesthetics clinically?

<p>Systemic absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse drug reaction is associated with the central nervous system due to high concentrations of local anesthetics?

<p>Respiratory failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system experiences temporary paralysis due to local anesthetic toxicity?

<p>Peripheral nervous system and smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect is associated with the clinical use of local anesthetics?

<p>Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of combining adrenaline with local anesthetics?

<p>Prolongs local anesthesia and decreases bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of local anaesthetics is more stable due to the absence of basic amine groups?

<p>Amides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anaesthetic is an unusual case with very low solubility and is used for dressing painful skin ulcers?

<p>Benzocaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following local anaesthetics was the first synthetic ester local anaesthetic?

<p>Procaine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes amides from esters in terms of stability?

<p>Amides are more stable due to their higher pKa values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anaesthetic was the first 'amide' type local anaesthetic developed?

<p>Lidocaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of local anaesthetic has a structure consisting of an aromatic group, ester or amide group, and an amine group?

<p>LAs (Local Anaesthetics) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Benzocaine' is an example of which type of local anaesthetic based on its chemistry?

<p>'Benzocaine' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Tetracaine' belongs to which classification of local anaesthetics based on its chemical structure?

<p>'Esters' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Procaine' was the first synthetic local anaesthetic belonging to which category?

<p>'Esters' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Lidocaine' represents which chemical type of local anaesthetics based on its structure?

<p>'Amides' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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