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Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Which type of GDM is usually caused by age 20 or older?
At what plasma glucose level is impaired glucose tolerance diagnosed?
What type of effect can implantation of the embryo have on trophectoderm differentiation?
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What effect can organogenesis have on the number of congenital defects?
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Study Notes
- Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, affecting up to 90% of women.
- Class A1 (normal glucose tolerance test) is the most common type of GDM, and can be treated with diet alone.
- Class A2 (abnormal glucose tolerance test with abnormal fasting or postprandial glucose levels) is more common, and requires treatment with diet and insulin.
- Class B (insulin treated diabetic) is the most common type of GDM, and is usually caused by age 20 or older.
- Class C (insulin treated) is the second most common type of GDM, and is caused by 10-19 years of age.
- Class D (insulin-treated diabetic) is the third most common type of GDM, and is caused by under 10 years of age.
- Class F (insulin treated) is the fourth most common type of GDM, and is caused by any age.
- Class H (insulin treated) is the fifth most common type of GDM, and is caused by any age.
- Class R (insulin treated) is the sixth most common type of GDM, and is caused by any age.
- Class T (insulin treated) is the seventh most common type of GDM, and is caused by any age.
- Classically, impaired glucose tolerance is diagnosed when plasma glucose levels are below 100 mg/dl, and diabetes is diagnosed when plasma glucose levels are 200 mg/dl or higher.
- In the first trimester, implantation of the embryo can inhibit trophectoderm differentiation, and embryogenesis can increase oxidative stress affecting expression of critical genes essential for organogenesis.
- Organogenesis can also increase the number of congenital defects.
- Miscarriage can increase premature programmed cell death of key progenitor cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its impact on pregnancy. Explore the classification of GDM, diagnostic criteria, and its effects on embryogenesis and organogenesis.
