27 Questions
Which enzyme is responsible for converting pre-genomic RNA to DNA during HBV replication?
Reverse transcriptase
Which type of hepatitis virus is known for having the most aggressive course?
HCV
What is the main route of transmission for HBV?
Sexual contact
During the Icteric Phase of viral hepatitis, what causes the yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera?
Increase in bile pigment bilirubin
Which hepatitis virus requires the presence of HBV to infect a host?
HDV
Which phase of viral hepatitis infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms and affects the brain and gastrointestinal system?
Prodromal Phase
What induces cytotoxicity in hepatocytes during viral hepatitis infection?
Perforin and granzymes released from cytotoxic T cells
Which hepatitis virus is shed in stool and is associated with acute and chronic infections?
HEV
What is the primary mode of transmission for HCV?
Blood exposure
In the replication process of HBV with dsDNA, where does the pdsDNA get released into?
Nucleus
Which hepatitis virus has a circular ssRNA genome and can only infect in the presence of HBV?
HDV
Which enzyme finishes forming pdsDNA in the nucleus during HBV replication?
DNA polymerase
What causes the formation of pores in hepatocytes during viral hepatitis infection?
Perforin released from cytotoxic T cells
Which type of hepatitis virus has the shortest average duration for acute infection?
HAV
During viral hepatitis infection, which enzyme leaks into circulation causing hepatomegaly and pain in the upper right quadrant?
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
How is HEV primarily transmitted?
Feco-oral route
What leads to the production of pre-genomic RNA during HBV replication?
RNA polymerase transcription of dsDNA to RNA
What is the distinctive feature of HBV's genome compared to other hepatitis viruses?
Partial dsDNA genome with a lipid bilayer envelope
Which phase of viral hepatitis infection marks the recovery phase with diminished flu-like symptoms and resolving jaundice?
Convalescent Phase
What is the main difference between HBV and HDV in terms of infectivity?
HBV can infect independently, while HDV needs HBV for co-infection.
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Hepatocytes
What is the role of Kupffer cells in the liver?
Remove debris and bacteria
Which part of the liver receives oxygen from the hepatic artery in Zone 1 of the hepatic acinus?
Encircles the portal triad
What is the main cause of most cases of acute liver diseases?
Viral hepatitis infection
Which part of the liver lobule contains the highest oxygenation?
Zone 1 of hepatic acinus
What is the primary function of sinusoids in the liver?
Supply oxygenated blood to hepatocytes
Which type of hepatitis infection lasts for less than 6 months?
HAV
This quiz covers topics on viral hepatitis, alcohol liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It also includes an overview of the liver's four lobes, functional unit (hepatocytes), portal triad components, and sinusoids.
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