Liver Pathology and Anatomy Review
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting pre-genomic RNA to DNA during HBV replication?

  • DNA polymerase
  • RNA ligase
  • RNA polymerase
  • Reverse transcriptase (correct)
  • Which type of hepatitis virus is known for having the most aggressive course?

  • HAV
  • HDV
  • HBV
  • HCV (correct)
  • What is the main route of transmission for HBV?

  • Sexual contact (correct)
  • Feco-oral
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Skin contact
  • During the Icteric Phase of viral hepatitis, what causes the yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera?

    <p>Increase in bile pigment bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus requires the presence of HBV to infect a host?

    <p>HDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of viral hepatitis infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms and affects the brain and gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Prodromal Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces cytotoxicity in hepatocytes during viral hepatitis infection?

    <p>Perforin and granzymes released from cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is shed in stool and is associated with acute and chronic infections?

    <p>HEV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for HCV?

    <p>Blood exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the replication process of HBV with dsDNA, where does the pdsDNA get released into?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus has a circular ssRNA genome and can only infect in the presence of HBV?

    <p>HDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme finishes forming pdsDNA in the nucleus during HBV replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of pores in hepatocytes during viral hepatitis infection?

    <p>Perforin released from cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hepatitis virus has the shortest average duration for acute infection?

    <p>HAV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During viral hepatitis infection, which enzyme leaks into circulation causing hepatomegaly and pain in the upper right quadrant?

    <p>ALT, AST, ALP, GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HEV primarily transmitted?

    <p>Feco-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the production of pre-genomic RNA during HBV replication?

    <p>RNA polymerase transcription of dsDNA to RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of HBV's genome compared to other hepatitis viruses?

    <p>Partial dsDNA genome with a lipid bilayer envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of viral hepatitis infection marks the recovery phase with diminished flu-like symptoms and resolving jaundice?

    <p>Convalescent Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between HBV and HDV in terms of infectivity?

    <p>HBV can infect independently, while HDV needs HBV for co-infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the liver?

    <p>Hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Kupffer cells in the liver?

    <p>Remove debris and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the liver receives oxygen from the hepatic artery in Zone 1 of the hepatic acinus?

    <p>Encircles the portal triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of most cases of acute liver diseases?

    <p>Viral hepatitis infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the liver lobule contains the highest oxygenation?

    <p>Zone 1 of hepatic acinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sinusoids in the liver?

    <p>Supply oxygenated blood to hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hepatitis infection lasts for less than 6 months?

    <p>HAV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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