Liver Diseases and Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Alcoholic Liver Disease?

Viral infection

Genetic disorder

Obesity and diabetes

Excessive and long-term alcohol consumption (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a type of Autoimmune Liver Disease?

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Autoimmune hepatitis

Viral Hepatitis (correct)

Primary biliary cholangitis

What is a common complication of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

Viral Hepatitis

Wilson's Disease

Liver Cancer

Cirrhosis (correct)

What is the main characteristic of Wilson's Disease?

Copper accumulation in the liver and other organs Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of untreated Hemochromatosis?

Liver damage and cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing Liver Cancer?

Chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of liver disease that can lead to Thrombocytopenia?

Splenomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blockage of the gallbladder?

Choledocholithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of gallbladder disease characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder?

Cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of liver disease that can lead to Osteoporosis?

Ascites disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts?

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of liver disease that can lead to Anemia?

Hepatic encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of functional dyspepsia?

It is treated with lifestyle changes, medications, and psychological therapies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of gastritis?

H. pylori infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Abdominal pain and bloating Signup and view all the answers

What is a common demographic affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)?

Women between 15-35 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of lactose intolerance?

Gas and bloating Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the autoimmune response in celiac disease?

Gluten Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of vomiting and diarrhea?

Food poisoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is more common in women?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cholecystitis?

Gallstones blocking the bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by delayed stomach emptying?

Gastroparesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gallstones that are causing symptoms?

Surgical removal of the gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of peptic ulcers?

Abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where the gallbladder does not contract properly to release bile?

Biliary dyskinesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of peptic ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Lifestyle changes, antacids, and medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of untreated cholecystitis?

Gallbladder removal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

To filter and ingest bacteria or other foreign material from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a coagulation factor produced by the liver?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of an abnormally large amount of scar tissue in the liver?

Fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common liver disease, affecting an estimated 25-30% of the global population?

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue, and regenerative nodules?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the portal vein in the liver?

To collect and process gastrointestinal blood from the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the liver's ability to collect and process all of the gastrointestinal blood through the portal vein and deliver it to the right side of the heart?

Antechamber function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cirrhosis?

Insidious, prolonged course of liver disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Liver Diseases

Alcoholic Liver Disease: Caused by excessive, long-term alcohol consumption, leading to fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Buildup of fat in the liver, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis.
Viral Hepatitis: Caused by Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, leading to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, more common in women, caused by the immune system attacking the liver.
Wilson's Disease: Rare genetic disorder leading to copper accumulation in the liver and other organs, causing liver disease and neurological symptoms.
Hemochromatosis: Genetic disorder leading to excess iron accumulation in the liver, if untreated, can cause liver damage and cirrhosis.
Medications and Toxins: Certain prescription drugs, supplements, and environmental toxins can cause liver injury, examples include acetaminophen overdose, certain cancer drugs, and industrial chemicals.
Liver Cancer: Primary liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, often develop in the setting of chronic liver disease.

Liver Functions

Circulatory Function: The liver collects and processes all of the gastrointestinal blood through the portal vein and delivers it to the right side of the heart.
Coagulator Functions: Production and secretion of coagulation factors, including fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, IX, X, XI, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin.
Kupffer cells: Ingest bacteria or other foreign material from the blood.

Liver Complications

Liver Fibrosis: Formation of an abnormally large amount of scar tissue in the liver, can lead to cirrhosis.
Liver Cirrhosis: Chronic, progressive disease characterized by widespread fibrosis and nodule formation, leading to loss of liver function.
Portal Hypertension: Coagulopathy, gastroesophageal varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and thrombocytopenia.
Ascites: Bone disease, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome.

Gallbladder Disorders

Gallbladder Disease: Inflammation, infection, stones or blockage of the gallbladder, including cholecystitis, gallstones, and chronic acalculous gallbladder disease.
Gallstones: Hard deposits made of cholesterol and other substances that form in the gallbladder, very common, especially in middle-aged and older women.
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones blocking the gallbladder duct, symptoms include severe abdominal pain, fever, and nausea.

Gastric Disorders

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
Peptic Ulcers: Open sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, can be caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria or certain medications, symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea.
Gastroparesis: Delayed stomach emptying, causing nausea, vomiting, and bloating, more common in women, especially those with diabetes.
Functional Dyspepsia: Chronic or recurrent upper abdominal pain/discomfort, no clear underlying cause can be identified, affects women more often than men.
Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, can be acute or chronic, causes stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting, common causes include H.pylori infection, alcohol, and NSAIDs.

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Description

This quiz covers liver diseases caused by alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, and complications of these liver disorders.