Liver Disease and Regeneration
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of liver disease on liver regeneration?

  • It is moderately impaired
  • It is not affected
  • It is highly impaired (correct)
  • It is highly enhanced

    • What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

  • To filter and remove bacteria from the portal blood (correct)
  • To synthesize glycogen
  • To produce glycoproteins
  • To store vitamin A

    • What is the process by which the liver synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

  • Glycolysis
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Gluconeogenesis (correct)
  • Lipolysis

    • What is the result of the liver's filtration of portal blood?

    <p>Hepatic venous blood is sterile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Hepatic Stellate cells in the liver?

    <p>To store vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT Vitamin K dependent for its synthesis?

    <p>Factor V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatocytes in which zone of the liver have more oxygen and perform more gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Zone 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for jaundice in cases of liver dysfunction?

    <p>Increased bilirubin in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytochromes P450 in the liver?

    <p>Oxidation of xenobiotics and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concept that different hepatocytes in the liver perform different functions?

    <p>Liver zonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of body weight does the liver typically compose?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the Disse space, in addition to hepatocytes?

    <p>Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the liver?

    <p>Acinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fenestrations in the endothelial lining of hepatic sinusoids?

    <p>To allow macromolecules to pass directly for absorption by hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the zone that contains the hepatic artery, bile duct, and portal vein?

    <p>Portal triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high portal pressure in some cases of cirrhosis?

    <p>Seepage of liquid in the blood into the interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mature hepatocytes in liver regeneration?

    <p>Entering the cell cycle and dividing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypersplenism on blood clotting?

    <p>Compromised clotting due to depleted platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy?

    <p>The liver regenerates to the size necessary for the individual's hepatic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the total cardiac output is received by the liver?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the collateral system in cirrhosis?

    <p>Bypassing the liver due to high resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pressure gradient between the portal and suprahepatic veins in a healthy liver?

    <p>Infrahepatic gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an increased infrahepatic gradient in a liver with cirrhosis?

    <p>Portal hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the formation of varices in portal hypertension?

    <p>Blood seeking a path of lesser resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of the most risky varices in terms of rupture?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of apo-ferritin in hepatocytes?

    <p>To store iron in the form of ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 𝛽-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver?

    <p>To obtain energy for other functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Converting glucose into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lipoproteins in the liver?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids to tissues for membrane synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hepatocytes in protein metabolism?

    <p>To synthesize plasma proteins, including transporters and proteins of the clotting system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of bilirubin conjugation?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages in heme metabolism?

    <p>To oxidize pyrrole groups of heme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of most urobilinogen in the intestines?

    <p>It is converted into stercobilinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic colour imparted to urine by urobilin?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive erythrocyte lysis on bilirubin levels?

    <p>Increased bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of bilirubin excretion?

    <p>Through the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intestinal microbiome in heme metabolism?

    <p>To transform conjugated bilirubin into urobilinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of yellow colour of feces?

    <p>Stercobilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of bilirubin reabsorption into the bloodstream?

    <p>Intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of reabsorbed urobilinogen in the kidneys?

    <p>It is excreted into the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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