40 Questions
What is the effect of liver disease on liver regeneration?
It is highly impaired
What is the primary function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
To filter and remove bacteria from the portal blood
What is the process by which the liver synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the result of the liver's filtration of portal blood?
Hepatic venous blood is sterile
What is the primary function of Hepatic Stellate cells in the liver?
To store vitamin A
Which of the following factors is NOT Vitamin K dependent for its synthesis?
Factor V
Hepatocytes in which zone of the liver have more oxygen and perform more gluconeogenesis?
Zone 1
What is the main reason for jaundice in cases of liver dysfunction?
Increased bilirubin in the blood
What is the primary function of cytochromes P450 in the liver?
Oxidation of xenobiotics and fatty acids
What is the term for the concept that different hepatocytes in the liver perform different functions?
Liver zonation
What proportion of body weight does the liver typically compose?
2%
What type of cells are found in the Disse space, in addition to hepatocytes?
Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Acinus
What is the purpose of the fenestrations in the endothelial lining of hepatic sinusoids?
To allow macromolecules to pass directly for absorption by hepatocytes
What is the name of the zone that contains the hepatic artery, bile duct, and portal vein?
Portal triad
What is the consequence of high portal pressure in some cases of cirrhosis?
Seepage of liquid in the blood into the interstitium
What is the role of mature hepatocytes in liver regeneration?
Entering the cell cycle and dividing
What is the effect of hypersplenism on blood clotting?
Compromised clotting due to depleted platelets
What is the outcome of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy?
The liver regenerates to the size necessary for the individual's hepatic functions
What proportion of the total cardiac output is received by the liver?
27%
What is the role of the collateral system in cirrhosis?
Bypassing the liver due to high resistance
What is the name of the pressure gradient between the portal and suprahepatic veins in a healthy liver?
Infrahepatic gradient
What is the consequence of an increased infrahepatic gradient in a liver with cirrhosis?
Portal hypertension
What is the reason for the formation of varices in portal hypertension?
Blood seeking a path of lesser resistance
What is the site of the most risky varices in terms of rupture?
Esophagus
What is the primary function of apo-ferritin in hepatocytes?
To store iron in the form of ferritin
What is the role of 𝛽-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver?
To obtain energy for other functions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in lipid metabolism?
Converting glucose into energy
What is the purpose of lipoproteins in the liver?
To facilitate the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids to tissues for membrane synthesis
What is the role of hepatocytes in protein metabolism?
To synthesize plasma proteins, including transporters and proteins of the clotting system
What is the primary site of bilirubin conjugation?
Liver
What is the primary function of macrophages in heme metabolism?
To oxidize pyrrole groups of heme
What is the fate of most urobilinogen in the intestines?
It is converted into stercobilinogen
What is the characteristic colour imparted to urine by urobilin?
Yellow
What is the result of excessive erythrocyte lysis on bilirubin levels?
Increased bilirubin levels
What is the primary route of bilirubin excretion?
Through the intestines
What is the function of intestinal microbiome in heme metabolism?
To transform conjugated bilirubin into urobilinogen
What is the primary cause of yellow colour of feces?
Stercobilin
What is the site of bilirubin reabsorption into the bloodstream?
Intestines
What is the fate of reabsorbed urobilinogen in the kidneys?
It is excreted into the urine
Test your knowledge about the liver's response to disease, including the role of TGFb and Kupffer cells in regeneration and protection. Learn how liver disease affects regeneration and how Kupffer cells help to protect the liver from bacterial products.
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