Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of chronic liver disease that often leads to cirrhosis?
What is a common cause of chronic liver disease that often leads to cirrhosis?
- Hepatitis C (correct)
- Hepatitis E
- COPD
- Hepatitis A
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cirrhosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cirrhosis?
- Normal liver function
- Fibrosis and regenerative nodules (correct)
- Excessive bile production
- Increased liver size without scarring
Portal hypertension in liver disease is primarily caused by:
Portal hypertension in liver disease is primarily caused by:
- Decreased blood flow to the portal vein
- Increased hepatic artery blood flow
- Reduced bile production
- Increased resistance to blood flow within the liver due to fibrosis (correct)
Which complication of liver disease is characterized by low blood pressure, high cardiac output, and systemic vasodilation?
Which complication of liver disease is characterized by low blood pressure, high cardiac output, and systemic vasodilation?
What is the hallmark sign of hepatic encephalopathy?
What is the hallmark sign of hepatic encephalopathy?
Ascites, a common complication in liver disease, is primarily due to:
Ascites, a common complication in liver disease, is primarily due to:
In patients with liver disease, esophageal varices develop as a result of: (select 2)
In patients with liver disease, esophageal varices develop as a result of: (select 2)
Hepatorenal syndrome is primarily characterized by: (select all that apply)
Hepatorenal syndrome is primarily characterized by: (select all that apply)
Which of the following markers is used to evaluate liver excretory function and is typically elevated in liver disorders involving bile flow obstruction?
Which of the following markers is used to evaluate liver excretory function and is typically elevated in liver disorders involving bile flow obstruction?
The triad of liver disease, unexplained hypoxemia, and intrapulmonary vascular dilation defines which liver disorder?
The triad of liver disease, unexplained hypoxemia, and intrapulmonary vascular dilation defines which liver disorder?
In chronic liver disease, hypoalbuminemia is typically due to:
In chronic liver disease, hypoalbuminemia is typically due to:
Which test is commonly prolonged in liver disease due to the liver's inability to produce certain clotting factors?
Which test is commonly prolonged in liver disease due to the liver's inability to produce certain clotting factors?
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is most closely associated with which of the following conditions?
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is most closely associated with which of the following conditions?
Which of the following is considered the end-stage result of chronic liver disease?
Which of the following is considered the end-stage result of chronic liver disease?
Portal hypertension occurs primarily as a result of:
Portal hypertension occurs primarily as a result of:
Hepatic hydrothorax, a complication of cirrhosis, results from:
Hepatic hydrothorax, a complication of cirrhosis, results from:
In chronic cholestatic liver disease, impaired bile flow and increased biliary pressure can lead to:
In chronic cholestatic liver disease, impaired bile flow and increased biliary pressure can lead to:
Which vitamin deficiency is most likely in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease?
Which vitamin deficiency is most likely in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease?
Which liver disease is associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count, particularly in pregnancy?
Which liver disease is associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count, particularly in pregnancy?
Which of the following drugs are known to be hepatotoxic? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following drugs are known to be hepatotoxic? (Select all that apply)
What is one method of medical management for cirrhosis?
What is one method of medical management for cirrhosis?
What is postpulmonary hypertension?
What is postpulmonary hypertension?
What is a major cause of mortality related to ascites?
What is a major cause of mortality related to ascites?
Why do we slowly correct hyponatremia in patients with ascites?
Why do we slowly correct hyponatremia in patients with ascites?
What is the end result of portal hypertension?
What is the end result of portal hypertension?
What is a common treatment for chronic cholestatic disease?
What is a common treatment for chronic cholestatic disease?
What causes a disrupted balance between bleeding and clotting in liver injury?
What causes a disrupted balance between bleeding and clotting in liver injury?
Why does hypercoagulability occur in chronic cholestatic disease?
Why does hypercoagulability occur in chronic cholestatic disease?
What are the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma? (Select all that apply)
What are the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma? (Select all that apply)
What is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in adults?
What is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in adults?
What is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?
What is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?
What is typical of a liver biopsy of a patient with NASH?
What is typical of a liver biopsy of a patient with NASH?
What is the preferred neuromuscular blocking agent to use in patients with liver failure?
What is the preferred neuromuscular blocking agent to use in patients with liver failure?
What should be performed before elective surgery when a patient presents with transaminase levels greater than 2 times the normal level?
What should be performed before elective surgery when a patient presents with transaminase levels greater than 2 times the normal level?
What do elevated alkaline phosphatase (alk phos) and elevated transaminases preoperatively indicate?
What do elevated alkaline phosphatase (alk phos) and elevated transaminases preoperatively indicate?
Which of the following anesthetic drugs should be avoided in patients with liver failure?
Which of the following anesthetic drugs should be avoided in patients with liver failure?
Which volatile anesthetic is preferred in patients with liver disease due to its property of increasing hepatic artery blood flow?
Which volatile anesthetic is preferred in patients with liver disease due to its property of increasing hepatic artery blood flow?
Propofol, Thiopental, Etomidate, Methohexital do NOT
adversely affect the liver beyond decreased HBF
Propofol, Thiopental, Etomidate, Methohexital do NOT adversely affect the liver beyond decreased HBF
What is the response to vasopressors in patients with liver disease or injury?
What is the response to vasopressors in patients with liver disease or injury?
What is Porphyria?
What is Porphyria?
How does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) change in an acutely intoxicated patient?
How does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) change in an acutely intoxicated patient?
How does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) change in a chronic alcoholic patient?
How does the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) change in a chronic alcoholic patient?
When do symptoms of alcohol withdrawal typically occur after the last drink?
When do symptoms of alcohol withdrawal typically occur after the last drink?
Which of the following should be avoided during anesthesia maintenance? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following should be avoided during anesthesia maintenance? (Select all that apply)
What causes altered volume of distribution of drugs in liver disease? (Select all that apply)
What causes altered volume of distribution of drugs in liver disease? (Select all that apply)
Why are anticoagulants potentiated in liver disease?
Why are anticoagulants potentiated in liver disease?
Patients with liver disease are at risk for which complications on induction? (Select all that apply)
Patients with liver disease are at risk for which complications on induction? (Select all that apply)
How does the body respond to portal hypertension?
How does the body respond to portal hypertension?
What is the TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) procedure used to treat?
What is the TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) procedure used to treat?
How is the TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt) procedure performed?
How is the TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt) procedure performed?
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Study Notes
Liver Disease
- Hepatitis C is a common cause of chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis.
- Cirrhosis is characterized by fibrosis and regenerative nodules in the liver.
- Portal hypertension is caused by increased resistance to blood flow in the liver, due to fibrosis.
- Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is characterized by low blood pressure, high cardiac output, and systemic vasodilation.
- The hallmark sign of hepatic encephalopathy is altered mental status due to neurotoxin accumulation.
- Ascites, a common complication in liver disease, is due to portal hypertension and low plasma proteins.
- Esophageal varices develop as a result of collateral circulation from portal hypertension.
- Hepatorenal syndrome is characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) due to kidney dysfunction secondary to liver disease.
- Alkaline phosphatase is a marker used to evaluate liver excretory function and is typically elevated in liver disorders involving bile flow obstruction.
- The triad of liver disease, unexplained hypoxemia, and intrapulmonary vascular dilation defines hepatopulmonary syndrome.
- Hypoalbuminemia in chronic liver disease is typically due to reduced liver synthesis of plasma proteins.
- Prothrombin Time (PT) is commonly prolonged in liver disease due to the liver's inability to produce certain clotting factors.
- Metabolic syndrome is most closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
- Cirrhosis is considered the end-stage result of chronic liver disease.
- Increased resistance to blood flow in the liver due to fibrosis is the primary cause of portal hypertension.
- Hepatic hydrothorax, a complication of cirrhosis, results from fluid movement from the abdominal cavity to the pleural space.
- Impaired bile flow and increased biliary pressure can lead to hepatocyte destruction and possible infection in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
- Vitamin K deficiency is most likely in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease.
- HELLP syndrome is associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count, particularly in pregnancy.
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