Liver and Portal Vein Function Quiz

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What veins form the portal vein?

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein (correct)

Inferior vena cava and splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena cava

Inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Which statement accurately describes the left and right portal veins?

The left portal vein branches into anterior and posterior subdivisions.

The right portal vein enters the left lobe of the liver.

The right portal vein enters the right lobe of the liver. (correct)

The left portal vein is shorter and larger than the right portal vein.

What makes the liver's blood supply unique?

It relies solely on the hepatic artery.

It has a dual blood supply. (correct)

It receives blood only from the aorta.

Over 90% of its blood supply comes from the portal vein.

Which of the following is not a cause of cirrhosis?

Celiac disease Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the portal triad?

Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with cirrhosis that can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

Esophageal varices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sonographic feature typically seen in cirrhosis?

Hypoechoic nodules in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind portal hypertension in cirrhosis?

Decreased liver perfusion due to fibrotic tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure can relieve portal hypertension and prevent GI bleeding?

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is NOT commonly associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT)?

Hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

What Doppler finding is indicative of portal vein thrombosis?

Reversal of normal portal flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of portal hypertension?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic sign of esophageal varices observed through ultrasound?

Multiple cystic areas superior to aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to portal vein thrombosis?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the flow pattern in the hepatic portal vein in cirrhosis?

Monophasic flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pressure threshold for diagnosing portal hypertension?

15 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of portal vein thrombosis?

Hypovolemia Signup and view all the answers

What does TIPS stand for in the context of treating portal hypertension?

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Signup and view all the answers

What type of vessels are involved in cavernous transformation of the portal vein?

Collateral venous vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main feature of cirrhosis?

Increased liver volume uniformly Signup and view all the answers

Which ultrasound finding would NOT be expected in a patient with cirrhosis?

Decreased liver size with smooth edges Signup and view all the answers

Portal hypertension can be caused by which of the following?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the trunk of the portal vein?

5 to 7 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate advice for a patient with cirrhosis regarding alcohol consumption?

Limit alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is a common management strategy for variceal bleeding?

Band ligation Signup and view all the answers

Which test is most useful for monitoring the progression of liver cirrhosis?

Liver function tests (LFTs) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is primarily used to help reduce portal hypertension?

Beta-blockers Signup and view all the answers

What diameter is considered indicative of a dilated portal vein on ultrasound?

13 mm Signup and view all the answers

In cirrhosis, which echogenicity and surface structure is typically observed in the liver?

Decreased size with a nodular and irregular surface Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hepatomegaly' specifically refer to?

Enlargement of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What condition might a patient with abdominal distension, jaundice, and a history of heavy alcohol use be suspected of having?

Liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the portal triad?

Lymphatic vessel Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the liver's blood supply is approximately provided by the portal vein?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Which two sources comprise the liver's dual blood supply?

Portal vein and hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

A common cause of liver cirrhosis is:

Viral hepatitis B & C Signup and view all the answers

Cirrhosis leads to which of the following?

Portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a common ultrasound feature of cirrhosis?

Smooth liver surface Signup and view all the answers

Portal hypertension is characterized by:

Increased resistance to blood flow through the liver Signup and view all the answers

The pressure threshold for diagnosing portal hypertension is:

Above 10 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most commonly associated with portal hypertension?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ascites?

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Signup and view all the answers