Liver and Gallbladder Pathology Quiz

Liver Metastasis

• Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer that metastasizes to the liver.

Gallbladder Wall Findings

• A thickened gallbladder wall on ultrasound may indicate inflammation or infection.

Liver Failure Symptoms

• Clinical signs indicative of liver failure include jaundice (yellowing of the skin), ascites (fluid buildup), abdominal pain, confusion, and swelling.

Liver Abscess Characteristics

• A liver abscess appears hypoechoic or has mixed echogenicity on ultrasound, often accompanied by surrounding edema.

Pancreatic Conditions

• The lesser sac, located behind the stomach, is the most common area for pancreatic pseudocysts.
• Adenocarcinoma is recognized as the most common primary malignancy of the pancreas.
• Classic ultrasound features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma include an irregular, hypoechoic mass with potential invasion into adjacent structures.

Gallbladder Stones Complications

• Gallbladder stones can lead to serious complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), cholangitis (infection of the bile duct), pancreatitis, and obstructive jaundice.

Chronic Cholecystitis Appearance

• On ultrasound, a gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis may show a thickened wall, presence of stones, and a contracted appearance.

Liver Fibrosis Indicators

• Features of liver fibrosis on ultrasound include an echogenic liver and a nodular surface.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Appearance

• Hepatocellular carcinoma can be identified on ultrasound by an irregular, hypoechoic mass which may exhibit necrosis, hemorrhage, and vascular invasion.

Imaging Techniques for Liver Lesions

• Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CT, and MRI are key techniques used to differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions.

Gallbladder Cancer Symptoms

• Main clinical presentations of gallbladder cancer include jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, and a palpable mass.