Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which liver enzyme is typically elevated in extrahepatic cholestasis?
Which liver enzyme is typically elevated in extrahepatic cholestasis?
- Bilirubin
- AST
- ALT
- ALP (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute hepatitis?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute hepatitis?
- Jaundice
- Enlarged and tender liver
- Abdominal pain (correct)
- Decreased appetite
In a patient with cholestasis, which of the following would indicate decreased liver synthetic function?
In a patient with cholestasis, which of the following would indicate decreased liver synthetic function?
- Decreased vitamin K
- Decreased prothrombin time
- Increased prothrombin time (correct)
- Increased albumin
Which of the following is a common cause of acute hepatitis, according to the text?
Which of the following is a common cause of acute hepatitis, according to the text?
What is the main finding on ultrasound in a case of extrahepatic cholestasis?
What is the main finding on ultrasound in a case of extrahepatic cholestasis?
What is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury in hepatitis?
What is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury in hepatitis?
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in hepatitis A?
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in hepatitis A?
What is the clinical feature of chronic hepatitis?
What is the clinical feature of chronic hepatitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hepatitis B virus?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hepatitis B virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis A virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis A virus?
What is the characteristic clinical feature of hepatitis B chronic carriers?
What is the characteristic clinical feature of hepatitis B chronic carriers?
What is the main function of the liver?
What is the main function of the liver?
Which type of jaundice is characterized by elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels and normal alkaline phosphatase?
Which type of jaundice is characterized by elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels and normal alkaline phosphatase?
What is the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world?
What is the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world?
How does Gilbert’s syndrome affect bilirubin metabolism?
How does Gilbert’s syndrome affect bilirubin metabolism?
What type of cholestasis involves abnormal bile excretion within the liver?
What type of cholestasis involves abnormal bile excretion within the liver?
What is the characteristic feature of jaundice in cholestatic jaundice?
What is the characteristic feature of jaundice in cholestatic jaundice?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Which of the following statements regarding the management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is FALSE?
Which of the following statements regarding the management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is FALSE?
Which of the following is a special clinical feature of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Which of the following is a special clinical feature of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Which of the following statements regarding the prophylaxis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the prophylaxis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is correct?
Which of the following statements about haemolytic jaundice is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about haemolytic jaundice is TRUE?
The liver has a single supply of blood vessels.
The liver has a single supply of blood vessels.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is not considered a major primary liver disease.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is not considered a major primary liver disease.
Hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of liver disease in the West.
Hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of liver disease in the West.
Elevated alkaline phosphatase is a characteristic feature of intrahepatic cholestasis.
Elevated alkaline phosphatase is a characteristic feature of intrahepatic cholestasis.
Gilbert's syndrome is caused by a decrease in UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity.
Gilbert's syndrome is caused by a decrease in UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity.
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by elevated conjugated bilirubin levels.
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by elevated conjugated bilirubin levels.
Prothrombin time is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury.
Prothrombin time is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury.
Hepatitis A can progress to chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis A can progress to chronic hepatitis.
HBV is a DNA virus.
HBV is a DNA virus.
Hepatitis B is mainly spread through the respiratory route.
Hepatitis B is mainly spread through the respiratory route.
The long incubation period is a characteristic feature of hepatitis A.
The long incubation period is a characteristic feature of hepatitis A.
Chronic carriers of HBV have no risk of developing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
Chronic carriers of HBV have no risk of developing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
In acute hepatitis, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are typically elevated, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) remains normal.
In acute hepatitis, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are typically elevated, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) remains normal.
In extrahepatic cholestasis, the serum level of ALP is elevated, while ALT and AST levels are normal.
In extrahepatic cholestasis, the serum level of ALP is elevated, while ALT and AST levels are normal.
An ultrasound finding of dilated bile ducts and the level of obstruction indicates intrahepatic cholestasis.
An ultrasound finding of dilated bile ducts and the level of obstruction indicates intrahepatic cholestasis.
In cases of cholestasis, a decreased serum vitamin K level can lead to an increased prothrombin time.
In cases of cholestasis, a decreased serum vitamin K level can lead to an increased prothrombin time.
The presence of serum antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a definitive indication of acute HCV infection.
The presence of serum antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a definitive indication of acute HCV infection.
In patients with haemolytic jaundice, there is a decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin.
In patients with haemolytic jaundice, there is a decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin.
Hepatitis A virus mainly spreads through personal contact.
Hepatitis A virus mainly spreads through personal contact.
Immunization with a vaccine is an effective method for preventing Hepatitis C virus infection.
Immunization with a vaccine is an effective method for preventing Hepatitis C virus infection.
Chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus have a low risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus have a low risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Interferon is primarily used for managing chronic Hepatitis C virus infections.
Interferon is primarily used for managing chronic Hepatitis C virus infections.
The primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C virus infection is immune-mediated by T-cells.
The primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C virus infection is immune-mediated by T-cells.
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Study Notes
- The liver has crucial functions such as synthesizing and metabolizing various substances, including bilirubin and bile acids.
- Major primary liver diseases include viral hepatitis, alcohol liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- In the West, alcohol and hepatitis C virus are significant causes of liver disease, while hepatitis B virus is more prevalent elsewhere.
- Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of the skin and sclerae, often caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels.
- Haemolytic jaundice results from increased red blood cell breakdown, while cholestatic jaundice is due to bile flow obstruction.
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) primarily spreads through blood or blood products and can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Hepatitis A spreads through the fecal-oral route, causing acute viral hepatitis with relatively short incubation and self-limiting nature.
- Hepatitis B is a DNA virus that spreads through parenteral routes and close personal contact, with a long incubation period and potential for chronic carriers.
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