46 Questions
Which liver enzyme is typically elevated in extrahepatic cholestasis?
ALP
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of acute hepatitis?
Abdominal pain
In a patient with cholestasis, which of the following would indicate decreased liver synthetic function?
Increased prothrombin time
Which of the following is a common cause of acute hepatitis, according to the text?
Hepatitis viruses
What is the main finding on ultrasound in a case of extrahepatic cholestasis?
Dilated bile ducts
What is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury in hepatitis?
Serum ALT
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in hepatitis A?
Cytopathic effect of the virus
What is the clinical feature of chronic hepatitis?
Lasting for more than 6 months
Which of the following is a characteristic of hepatitis B virus?
It is a DNA virus
What is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis A virus?
Faecal-oral
What is the characteristic clinical feature of hepatitis B chronic carriers?
Presence of HBeAg or viral DNA
What is the main function of the liver?
Synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and drugs
Which type of jaundice is characterized by elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels and normal alkaline phosphatase?
Haemolytic jaundice
What is the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world?
Alcohol
How does Gilbert’s syndrome affect bilirubin metabolism?
Decreases conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid
What type of cholestasis involves abnormal bile excretion within the liver?
Intrahepatic cholestasis
What is the characteristic feature of jaundice in cholestatic jaundice?
Elevated conjugated bilirubin levels
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Caused by a DNA virus, making vaccine development easier
What is the primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
Immune-mediated damage by T-cells
Which of the following statements regarding the management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is FALSE?
Ribavirin is the preferred treatment for chronic HCV infection
Which of the following is a special clinical feature of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection?
High risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma
Which of the following statements regarding the prophylaxis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is correct?
Avoiding high-risk factors is the primary prophylactic measure
Which of the following statements about haemolytic jaundice is TRUE?
It is characterized by an increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin levels
The liver has a single supply of blood vessels.
False
Hepatocellular carcinoma is not considered a major primary liver disease.
False
Hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of liver disease in the West.
False
Elevated alkaline phosphatase is a characteristic feature of intrahepatic cholestasis.
False
Gilbert's syndrome is caused by a decrease in UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity.
False
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by elevated conjugated bilirubin levels.
False
Prothrombin time is the best indicator of acute hepatic injury.
False
Hepatitis A can progress to chronic hepatitis.
False
HBV is a DNA virus.
True
Hepatitis B is mainly spread through the respiratory route.
False
The long incubation period is a characteristic feature of hepatitis A.
False
Chronic carriers of HBV have no risk of developing chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.
False
In acute hepatitis, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are typically elevated, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) remains normal.
True
In extrahepatic cholestasis, the serum level of ALP is elevated, while ALT and AST levels are normal.
False
An ultrasound finding of dilated bile ducts and the level of obstruction indicates intrahepatic cholestasis.
False
In cases of cholestasis, a decreased serum vitamin K level can lead to an increased prothrombin time.
True
The presence of serum antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a definitive indication of acute HCV infection.
False
In patients with haemolytic jaundice, there is a decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin.
False
Hepatitis A virus mainly spreads through personal contact.
False
Immunization with a vaccine is an effective method for preventing Hepatitis C virus infection.
False
Chronic carriers of Hepatitis C virus have a low risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
False
Interferon is primarily used for managing chronic Hepatitis C virus infections.
False
The primary mechanism of liver damage in Hepatitis C virus infection is immune-mediated by T-cells.
True
Study Notes
- The liver has crucial functions such as synthesizing and metabolizing various substances, including bilirubin and bile acids.
- Major primary liver diseases include viral hepatitis, alcohol liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- In the West, alcohol and hepatitis C virus are significant causes of liver disease, while hepatitis B virus is more prevalent elsewhere.
- Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of the skin and sclerae, often caused by elevated serum bilirubin levels.
- Haemolytic jaundice results from increased red blood cell breakdown, while cholestatic jaundice is due to bile flow obstruction.
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) primarily spreads through blood or blood products and can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Hepatitis A spreads through the fecal-oral route, causing acute viral hepatitis with relatively short incubation and self-limiting nature.
- Hepatitis B is a DNA virus that spreads through parenteral routes and close personal contact, with a long incubation period and potential for chronic carriers.
This quiz covers basic knowledge on major primary liver diseases, causes of jaundice, and pathological features of clinically important hepatitis. Learn about the main functions of the liver, its vulnerability to diseases, and the dual blood supply.
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