30 Questions
What type of gallstones is most common and due to excess cholesterol?
Cholesterol gallstones
Which condition involves a blockage of the common bile duct?
Choledocholithiasis
What is responsible for the color of normal bile?
Glucuronides of bilirubin and biliverdin
What process converts conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen in the intestines?
Deconjugation
In jaundice due to hepatocellular damage, which type of bilirubin increases in plasma?
Conjugated bilirubin
What causes hyperbilirubinemia due to rapid release of unconjugated bilirubin into blood?
Hemolytic anemia
Where is Morison's Pouch located?
Between the liver and right kidney
What percentage of total cardiac output does the liver receive?
27%
Which vessel supplies 75% of the blood to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
What triggers the Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response?
Decrease in portal venous flow
Which substance is NOT typically found in the Hepatic portal vein?
Chylomicrons
What is the main function of Morison's Pouch?
Fluid or blood accumulation
Which internal organ is the largest?
Liver
What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?
Regenerating liver tissue
In adults, the liver can regenerate up to what percentage of its original size?
70%
Which lobe of the liver is located in the right upper quadrant?
Right lobe
What structures protect the liver according to the text?
Rib cage
Which lobe of the liver is described as posterior/superior?
Caudate lobe
Which substance is heme from hemoglobin converted to before being eliminated from the body?
Bilirubin
In an experiment using hepatocytes, hepatocyte viability is best documented by an increase in which function of these cells in vitro?
Albumin output
A 34-year-old man with sickle cell disease is admitted with gallstones. What is the most likely composition of his gallstones?
Cholesterol
Which of the following cell types protects against sepsis secondary to translocation of intestinal bacteria?
Kupffer cell
What is the most likely reason for a 60-year-old man's progressive increase in girth despite attempts to diet?
Decreased hepatic clearance of meds
The ammonia released during deamination of amino acids is removed from the blood almost entirely by the conversion into which substance?
Urea
What is the hepatic arterial buffer response?
A compensatory mechanism to maintain hepatic blood flow during decreased portal venous flow
What is the significance of hepatic acinus zones in liver function?
They control the distribution of nutrients to different parts of the liver lobule
What is the primary role of the bile acid pool in the liver?
Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis
How does portal hypertension affect liver function?
It results in the formation of portosystemic anastomoses
What are the metabolic consequences of cirrhosis?
Altered amino acid metabolism
How does hepatic encephalopathy relate to ammonia homeostasis?
Excess ammonia causes neurotoxic effects leading to encephalopathy
Test your knowledge on the gross anatomy, physiologic anatomy, bile production, blood flow, metabolic functions, and pathophysiology of the liver with this quiz. Learn about the dual blood supply, hepatic arterial buffer response, liver lobule architecture, and more.
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