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Questions and Answers

What type of gallstones is most common and due to excess cholesterol?

  • Pigment gallstones
  • Mixed gallstones
  • Cholesterol gallstones (correct)
  • Calcium gallstones
  • Which condition involves a blockage of the common bile duct?

  • Choledocholithiasis (correct)
  • Gallstone pancreatitis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Ascending cholangitis
  • What is responsible for the color of normal bile?

  • Urobilinogen
  • Conjugated bilirubin
  • Glucuronides of bilirubin and biliverdin (correct)
  • Cholesterol
  • What process converts conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen in the intestines?

    <p>Deconjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In jaundice due to hepatocellular damage, which type of bilirubin increases in plasma?

    <p>Conjugated bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperbilirubinemia due to rapid release of unconjugated bilirubin into blood?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Morison's Pouch located?

    <p>Between the liver and right kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total cardiac output does the liver receive?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel supplies 75% of the blood to the liver?

    <p>Hepatic portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response?

    <p>Decrease in portal venous flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT typically found in the Hepatic portal vein?

    <p>Chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Morison's Pouch?

    <p>Fluid or blood accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which internal organ is the largest?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?

    <p>Regenerating liver tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adults, the liver can regenerate up to what percentage of its original size?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the liver is located in the right upper quadrant?

    <p>Right lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures protect the liver according to the text?

    <p>Rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the liver is described as posterior/superior?

    <p>Caudate lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is heme from hemoglobin converted to before being eliminated from the body?

    <p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment using hepatocytes, hepatocyte viability is best documented by an increase in which function of these cells in vitro?

    <p>Albumin output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 34-year-old man with sickle cell disease is admitted with gallstones. What is the most likely composition of his gallstones?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types protects against sepsis secondary to translocation of intestinal bacteria?

    <p>Kupffer cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason for a 60-year-old man's progressive increase in girth despite attempts to diet?

    <p>Decreased hepatic clearance of meds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ammonia released during deamination of amino acids is removed from the blood almost entirely by the conversion into which substance?

    <p>Urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hepatic arterial buffer response?

    <p>A compensatory mechanism to maintain hepatic blood flow during decreased portal venous flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hepatic acinus zones in liver function?

    <p>They control the distribution of nutrients to different parts of the liver lobule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the bile acid pool in the liver?

    <p>Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does portal hypertension affect liver function?

    <p>It results in the formation of portosystemic anastomoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the metabolic consequences of cirrhosis?

    <p>Altered amino acid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hepatic encephalopathy relate to ammonia homeostasis?

    <p>Excess ammonia causes neurotoxic effects leading to encephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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