Liver Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of Kupffer cells in the liver?

  • Removal of effete erythrocytes (correct)
  • Production of bile
  • Storage of iron in complexes with the protein ferritin
  • Formation of hepatic lobules

    • What type of cells line the ducts carrying bile?

  • Transitional
  • Cuboidal (correct)
  • Squamous
  • Columnar

    • What is the primary function of the perisinusoidal space (space of Disse) within the hepatic lobule?

  • Storage of glycogen
  • Production of bile
  • Direct contact between hepatocytes and plasma (correct)
  • Filtration of blood from the portal vein

    • What is the name of the condition where gallstones form in the lumen of the gallbladder or biliary ducts?

    <p>Cholelithiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the portal triad?

    <p>Central vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of gallstone?

    <p>Cholesterol stones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the formation of brown or black pigment stones?

    <p>Excess bilirubin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the arrangement of hepatocytes in plates radiating around a central vein?

    <p>Maximizing contact of hepatocytes with blood from the portal vein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the presence of microvilli on hepatocytes?

    <p>They help to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gallbladder in the formation of gallstones?

    <p>It reabsorbs water from bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the blood in the interlobular venule (portal vein branch) and the blood in the central vein?

    <p>The blood in the interlobular venule is low in oxygen and rich in nutrients, while the blood in the central vein is rich in oxygen and low in nutrients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advantageous for hepatocytes to be binucleated and polyploid?

    <p>It increases the capacity for protein synthesis and metabolic processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the reticular fibers that support the hepatocyte plates?

    <p>Provision of structural support and framework for the hepatic lobule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers mitosis in hepatocytes?

    <p>The action of toxic substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the large intercellular spaces in gallbladder epithelial cells?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of water for bile concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Na pumps in the basolateral membrane of gallbladder epithelial cells?

    <p>To actively transport water out of the gallbladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in bile movement?

    <p>It stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder muscularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the gallbladder epithelial cells?

    <p>Slow rate of cell renewal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the liver and the salivary glands in terms of regeneration?

    <p>The liver has a stronger capacity for regeneration than the salivary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the regenerated liver tissue after surgical removal organized?

    <p>The regenerated tissue is well-organized, with the typical lobular arrangement, replacing the functions of the destroyed tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which bile is concentrated in the gallbladder?

    <p>Active transport of water out of the gallbladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of liver structure, what does the term "portal area" refer to?

    <p>The region where bile ducts, hepatic arteries, and portal veins converge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central vein in the context of liver anatomy?

    <p>The main vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the direction of bile flow in the liver?

    <p>Bile flows from the portal area to the central vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hepatic sinusoids?

    <p>Filtering blood and transporting it to the central vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a classic hepatic lobule and a portal lobule?

    <p>A classic lobule drains blood, while a portal lobule drains bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is steatohepatitis?

    <p>A buildup of fat in the liver that can lead to inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the hepatic arteriole and the portal vein in the liver?

    <p>They both supply blood to the hepatocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the hepatic acinus?

    <p>It drains bile into the central vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider different ways to view liver organization (classic lobule, portal lobule, hepatic acinus)?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fact that the hepatic arteriole supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of cholesterol supersaturation that can lead to gallstone formation?

    <p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes in the pancreas?

    <p>Acinar cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the striated ducts of salivary glands?

    <p>Electrolyte reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of salivary gland contains only serous acini?

    <p>Parotid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the pancreatic islets?

    <p>Secrete digestive enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does bile flow through after leaving the gallbladder?

    <p>Common bile duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intercalated ducts in the salivary glands?

    <p>Transport of saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the pancreas is TRUE?

    <p>The majority of the pancreas is composed of exocrine tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure responsible for taking up potentially toxic compounds from the perisinusoidal space?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the microvilli in the liver cells?

    <p>Increased surface area for absorption of nutrients from the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules are taken up from the perisinusoidal space and processed by the SER?

    <p>Bilirubin, bile acids, and potentially toxic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in liver cells?

    <p>Modify and package proteins for secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mitochondria in liver cells?

    <p>Production of energy (ATP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the perisinusoidal space?

    <p>It is a space between the liver cells and the blood vessels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fenestrations in the endothelium of the liver?

    <p>Pores or openings in the cell lining of blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the desmosome in liver cells?

    <p>Provide structural support and maintain cell-to-cell adhesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive Tract Organs

    • The digestive organs include salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
    • These organs facilitate food transport and digestion within the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Salivary glands moisten and lubricate food, initiating carbohydrate and lipid digestion.
    • They also secrete innate immune components like lysozyme and lactoferrin.
    • The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hormones for nutrient metabolism.
    • Bile, vital for fat digestion and absorption, is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
    • The liver plays a crucial role in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, detoxification, and plasma protein synthesis.

    Salivary Glands

    • Exocrine glands in the mouth produce saliva, crucial for digestion, lubrication, and protection.
    • Salivary pH (6.5-6.9) acts as a buffer and, in some species, aids evaporative cooling.
    • Major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) comprise ~90% of saliva production.
    • Minor glands contribute the remaining ~10%.
    • Saliva is modified by duct cells, reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions, adding growth factors and enzymes.
    • Salivary gland structure comprises secretory units arranged in lobules, drained by branching ducts.
    • Three cell types (serous, seromucous, and mucous) form the secretory units.
    • Serous cells produce enzymes and watery saliva, while mucous cells secrete lubricating mucins.
    • Myoepithelial cells, found within the basal lamina, are involved in secretion.

    Pancreas

    • A mixed endocrine-exocrine gland.
    • It produces digestive enzymes and hormones.
    • The pancreas is elongated (head near duodenum, narrow body and tail).
    • The secretory acini are surrounded by basal lamina and rich capillary network.
    • Endocrine function includes pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans).
    • Exocrine function is the production of digestive enzymes (proteases, amylase, lipases, nucleases).
    • Enzymes are initially secreted as inactive zymogens.
    • Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin, triggering the activation cascade of other pancreatic enzymes.
    • Protease activation is restricted to the duodenum. This regulation avoids self-digestion.
    • The exocrine pancreas secretes about 1.5 Liters of alkaline pancreatic juice per day, neutralizing the acidic chyme entering from the stomach.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on liver anatomy and the functions of various liver cells. This quiz covers topics such as Kupffer cells, hepatic lobule structure, and gallstone formation. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences!

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