Liver Anatomy and Function Quiz

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What is the Greek word for liver?

hepar

What are two functions of the liver?

production of bile salts, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism

What is the approximate weight of the liver in carnivores?

3-5% of body weight

From which part of the foregut is the liver derived?

ventral duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What tissue integrates with the blood sinuses of the umbilical and vitelline veins to form the parenchymal tissue of the liver?

proliferating epithelial cords or strands Signup and view all the answers

What does the mesoderm of the septum transversum form in the liver?

venous sinusoids and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the lobes of the liver?

left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, right lateral lobe, right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe, papillary lobe Signup and view all the answers

What ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm?

coronary ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the falciform ligament?

It is ventral to the coronary ligament and is a vestige of the umbilical vein. Signup and view all the answers

What ligament connects the liver with the lesser curvature of the stomach?

gastro-hepatic ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual blood supply to the liver?

70-80% via the hepatic portal vein and 20-30% via the hepatic artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hepatic artery a branch of?

celiac artery Signup and view all the answers

What forms the portal vein?

tributaries draining the spleen, pancreas, and digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

What lines the central vein of the liver?

simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Where do blood vessels, the hepatic vein, and nerves enter and leave the liver?

hepatic porta Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood from the central vein open into?

caudal vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of lipids in the body?

Structural components of biological membranes, energy reserves, thermal insulator, precursor of vitamins and hormones Signup and view all the answers

How are lipids related to the hydrocarbon chain?

Their non-polar nature is related to the hydrocarbon chain. Signup and view all the answers

In which solvents are lipids soluble?

Organic solvents like chloroform, ether, and benzene. Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of lipids mentioned in the text?

Fixed oils, fats, steroids, and waxes Signup and view all the answers

Where are lipids widely distributed in nature?

In both plant and animal Signup and view all the answers

What are the physiological importance of lipids for humans?

Structural components of biological membranes, energy reserves, thermal insulator, precursor of vitamins and hormones Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of lipids?

Simple lipids and compound lipids Signup and view all the answers

What are the esters of fatty acids with alcohol subclassified as?

Neutral fats or triacylglycerol or triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between unsaturated fats and saturated fats?

Unsaturated fats have double bonds between some carbons, causing bends in their shape, while saturated fats have all single bonds and straight hydrocarbon chains. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief difference between fats and waxes?

The type of alcohol combined with the fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

How are complex or compound lipids subclassified?

According to the type of prosthetic group present in the lipid Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of phospholipids?

Fatty acids, alcohol, phosphoric acid residue, and a nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of true waxes?

Lanolin and Bees-wax Signup and view all the answers

Why are oils, mostly from plant sources, liquid at room temperature?

Due to the double bonds between some of the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail Signup and view all the answers

What type of alcohols are esters of fatty acids with in waxes?

Higher molecular weight alcohols Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lipids in the diet?

They contain fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids Signup and view all the answers