32 Questions
What is the Greek word for liver?
hepar
What are two functions of the liver?
production of bile salts, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism
What is the approximate weight of the liver in carnivores?
3-5% of body weight
From which part of the foregut is the liver derived?
ventral duodenum
What tissue integrates with the blood sinuses of the umbilical and vitelline veins to form the parenchymal tissue of the liver?
proliferating epithelial cords or strands
What does the mesoderm of the septum transversum form in the liver?
venous sinusoids and connective tissue
What are the lobes of the liver?
left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, right lateral lobe, right medial lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe, papillary lobe
What ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm?
coronary ligament
What is the function of the falciform ligament?
It is ventral to the coronary ligament and is a vestige of the umbilical vein.
What ligament connects the liver with the lesser curvature of the stomach?
gastro-hepatic ligament
What is the dual blood supply to the liver?
70-80% via the hepatic portal vein and 20-30% via the hepatic artery.
What is the hepatic artery a branch of?
celiac artery
What forms the portal vein?
tributaries draining the spleen, pancreas, and digestive tract
What lines the central vein of the liver?
simple squamous epithelium
Where do blood vessels, the hepatic vein, and nerves enter and leave the liver?
hepatic porta
Where does blood from the central vein open into?
caudal vena cava
What are the major functions of lipids in the body?
Structural components of biological membranes, energy reserves, thermal insulator, precursor of vitamins and hormones
How are lipids related to the hydrocarbon chain?
Their non-polar nature is related to the hydrocarbon chain.
In which solvents are lipids soluble?
Organic solvents like chloroform, ether, and benzene.
What are the examples of lipids mentioned in the text?
Fixed oils, fats, steroids, and waxes
Where are lipids widely distributed in nature?
In both plant and animal
What are the physiological importance of lipids for humans?
Structural components of biological membranes, energy reserves, thermal insulator, precursor of vitamins and hormones
What are the two main types of lipids?
Simple lipids and compound lipids
What are the esters of fatty acids with alcohol subclassified as?
Neutral fats or triacylglycerol or triglycerides
What is the main difference between unsaturated fats and saturated fats?
Unsaturated fats have double bonds between some carbons, causing bends in their shape, while saturated fats have all single bonds and straight hydrocarbon chains.
What is the chief difference between fats and waxes?
The type of alcohol combined with the fatty acids
How are complex or compound lipids subclassified?
According to the type of prosthetic group present in the lipid
What are the components of phospholipids?
Fatty acids, alcohol, phosphoric acid residue, and a nitrogen base
What are the examples of true waxes?
Lanolin and Bees-wax
Why are oils, mostly from plant sources, liquid at room temperature?
Due to the double bonds between some of the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail
What type of alcohols are esters of fatty acids with in waxes?
Higher molecular weight alcohols
What is the significance of lipids in the diet?
They contain fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids
Test your knowledge of liver anatomy and function with this quiz. Explore terminology related to the liver, its exocrine and endocrine functions, and its role in bile production, metabolism, and fetal development.
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