Liver Acinus Oxygenation Quiz

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What is the predominant function of hepatocytes in zone 1?

Bile salts synthesis

Gluconeogenesis

Fatty acid oxidation (correct)

Ammonia detoxification to urea

Which zone of the acinus is considered hypoxic relative to other tissues?

Zone 1

Zone 3 (correct)

Zone 2

Zone 4

What is a notable gradient observed for hepatotoxins along the acinus?

Higher levels of bile salts in zone 1

Greater amounts of glutathione in zone 3 (correct)

Higher levels of ammonia in the hepatic vein

Lower levels of cytochrome P450 proteins in the sinusoids

Which cells are NOT found in the hepatic sinusoids?

Hepatocytes Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to other tissues, which zone of the acinus is exposed to substantially lower concentrations of oxygen?

Zone 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the inducible CYP2E1 isozyme primarily involved in?

Ethanol metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood from the portal vein?

Terminal hepatic venule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of toxin-induced injury to liver cells?

Increased bile production Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical characteristic of canalicular cholestasis?

Elevated serum levels of bile salts and bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical index of bile duct damage?

Sharp elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase activity Signup and view all the answers

What condition can chronic administration of toxins that cause bile duct destruction lead to?

Biliary proliferation and fibrosis resembling biliary cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can compromise the functional integrity of the sinusoid?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cholestasis?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of cholestasis?

A decrease in the volume of bile formed or an impaired secretion of specific solutes into bile Signup and view all the answers

What type of cholestasis is characterized by damage to the intrahepatic bile ducts?

Cholangiodestructive cholestasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

The inability to export copper into bile is a central problem in which genetic disorder?

Wilson's disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is NOT mentioned in the text as being excreted into bile?

Zinc Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile formation in the liver?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the excretion of metals into bile?

Direct secretion into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about biliary excretion is true?

It is usually but not always a prelude to toxicant clearance by excretion in feces or urine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of bile by hepatocytes?

Transporting glucose into the canalicular lumen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the components of bile is true?

Bile contains both organic and inorganic compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the bioactivation of ethanol?

Alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having a slow aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism when consuming alcohol?

Uncomfortable symptoms of flushing and nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which cytochrome P450 isozyme is implicated in the etiology of serious, end-stage liver damage?

CYP2E1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which acetaminophen can cause liver injury at high doses?

Depletion of glutathione levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments can minimize acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity?

Administration of N-acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

At therapeutic doses, what is the primary metabolic pathway for acetaminophen?

Glucuronidation and sulfation Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group is more likely to have the slow aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism?

Asian populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which cytochrome P450 isozymes can contribute to hepatotoxicity?

Generation of reactive oxygen species during biotransformation reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of veno-occlusive disease?

Exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids found in some herbal teas and chemotherapeutic agents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cirrhosis is true?

It involves the accumulation of extensive collagen fibers in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which type of liver tumor is associated with exposure to thorium dioxide?

Multiple types of liver tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of phase I enzymes in hepatocytes?

To convert xenobiotics to reactive electrophilic metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phase II enzymes in hepatocytes is true?

They add a polar group to molecules, enhancing their removal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Both exposure to aflatoxin-contaminated diets and abuse of androgens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of liver tumor is derived from sinusoidal lining cells?

Angiosarcoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile formation in the liver?

To aid in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Liver Acinus Oxygenation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the predominant function of hepatocytes in zone 1?

Which zone of the acinus is considered hypoxic relative to other tissues?

What is a notable gradient observed for hepatotoxins along the acinus?

Which cells are NOT found in the hepatic sinusoids?

In comparison to other tissues, which zone of the acinus is exposed to substantially lower concentrations of oxygen?

What is the inducible CYP2E1 isozyme primarily involved in?

Which vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood from the portal vein?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of toxin-induced injury to liver cells?

What is the biochemical characteristic of canalicular cholestasis?

What is the biochemical index of bile duct damage?

What condition can chronic administration of toxins that cause bile duct destruction lead to?

Which of the following can compromise the functional integrity of the sinusoid?

What is the result of cholestasis?

What is the definition of cholestasis?

What type of cholestasis is characterized by damage to the intrahepatic bile ducts?

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

The inability to export copper into bile is a central problem in which genetic disorder?

Which of the following metals is NOT mentioned in the text as being excreted into bile?

What is the primary function of bile formation in the liver?

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the excretion of metals into bile?

Which of the following statements about biliary excretion is true?

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of bile by hepatocytes?

Which of the following statements about the components of bile is true?

Which enzyme is responsible for the bioactivation of ethanol?

What is the consequence of having a slow aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism when consuming alcohol?

Which cytochrome P450 isozyme is implicated in the etiology of serious, end-stage liver damage?

What is the mechanism by which acetaminophen can cause liver injury at high doses?

Which of the following treatments can minimize acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity?

At therapeutic doses, what is the primary metabolic pathway for acetaminophen?

Which ethnic group is more likely to have the slow aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism?

What is the mechanism by which cytochrome P450 isozymes can contribute to hepatotoxicity?

What is the primary cause of veno-occlusive disease?

Which of the following statements about cirrhosis is true?

Which type of liver tumor is associated with exposure to thorium dioxide?

What is the primary role of phase I enzymes in hepatocytes?

Which of the following statements about phase II enzymes in hepatocytes is true?

Which of the following is a potential risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Which type of liver tumor is derived from sinusoidal lining cells?

What is the primary function of bile formation in the liver?

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