Literary Criticism: Freud and Marxism
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an archetype?

  • The Scapegoat
  • Heaven (correct)
  • The Hero
  • The Devil Figure

Eurocentrism emphasizes the cultures and values of non-European nations.

False (B)

What term describes the practice of absorbing and accepting different ethnic customs and traditions?

Assimilation

The 'feminine' side of the psyche that is often repressed in men is called the ______.

<p>Anima</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary concept to its correct definition:

<p>Colonialism = A political-economic phenomenon of exploring and exploiting lands Hegemony = Dominant influence or control over another country Orientalism = A constructed view of the East as different or foreign Feminism = The belief in equal rights for women and men</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which archetype represents a journey towards personal growth or fulfillment?

<p>The Quest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mind is primarily associated with societal expectations and moral standards?

<p>Superego (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imperialism refers to the policy of retreating from colonies and ceasing control over foreign entities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Marxist critics view literature as a direct reflection of personal opinions detached from social and cultural contexts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the manipulation of language to alter meaning?

<p>Euphemism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the control and dominant influence of one country over another?

<p>Hegemony</p> Signup and view all the answers

The psychological method that investigates the unconscious elements of the mind is called _______.

<p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to Marxism with their definitions:

<p>Common Enemy = A scapegoat established by the ruling class Oppression = Cruel or unjust treatment and control False Consciousness = Lack of awareness of one’s oppressive conditions Fearmongering = Inducing anxiety to control the populace</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of Freud's theory is responsible for controlling the impulses of the id in a healthy way?

<p>Ego (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The status quo refers to the desire for change within a society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychological critics when evaluating literary works?

<p>To explore the unconscious elements of the mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'marginalize' mean?

<p>To regulate to an unimportant or powerless position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sexism involves discrimination based solely on gender.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main consequences of objectification in literature?

<p>Women are presented as objects without regard to their personality or dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief that women are innately inferior to men is known as _____ Chauvinism.

<p>male</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the literary theme with its explanation:

<p>Loss of innocence = Transition from naivety to maturity Good vs. Evil = Struggle between right and wrong Appearance vs. Reality = Illusions versus the truth Objectification = Presentation of individuals as mere objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'subordinate'?

<p>Belonging to a lower class or rank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theme 'Good vs. Evil' shows that humans only sometimes struggle between right and wrong.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the theme of 'appearance vs. reality' in literature.

<p>It reflects how things are often not as they seem, leading characters to fall victim to illusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Id

The part of the mind that seeks immediate gratification and pleasure, driven by basic instincts.

Superego

The part of the mind that governs the conscience and internalizes societal rules and morality.

Ego

The mediator between the id's impulses and the superego's restrictions, finding a balance between desires and societal expectations.

Collective Unconscious

A shared, unconscious reservoir of universal archetypes and instincts that influence human behavior and thought.

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Archetype

A universal pattern or symbol that appears across cultures and time, representing common human experiences.

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Shadow

The darker, repressed side of the personality, representing suppressed emotions and instincts.

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Propaganda

The manipulation of information to control public opinion, often used by those in power.

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Status Quo

The existing social, political, and economic order, often favored by those in power.

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Pathetic Fallacy

The tendency to attribute human emotions and qualities to inanimate objects or natural phenomena.

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Colonialism

The process by which a colonizing power imposes its culture, language, and values onto a colonized people, often leading to the suppression of indigenous cultures.

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Eurocentrism

A way of thinking that prioritizes European perspectives, values, and experiences over those of other cultures.

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Imperialism

The extension of a nation's power and influence through colonization, conquest, or economic control.

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Assimilation

The process of adopting the customs, language, and values of a dominant culture. It can be a voluntary choice or a forced assimilation.

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Hegemony

Control or influence of one group over another, often through cultural, political, or economic means.

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Male Chauvinist

A man who believes women are inferior to men and acts accordingly. This belief can manifest in disrespectful or demeaning behavior.

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Marginalize

To push a group or individual to the edges of society, limiting their power and influence.

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Sexism

Discrimination based on gender, typically against women. It can involve unfair treatment, prejudice, or biased attitudes.

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Subordinate

To be lower in rank or importance, subject to someone else's control.

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Objectification

Treating a person like an object, ignoring their individuality and dignity; often used to describe the sexualization of women.

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Loss of Innocence

The change from innocence to maturity, a journey of learning and understanding life's complexities.

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Good vs. Evil

The ongoing battle between right and wrong, present in all human experiences and often explored in literature.

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Appearance vs. Reality

The concept that things are not always as they appear; appearances can be deceiving.

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Marxism

A system of thought that emphasizes the role of social, cultural, and economic factors in shaping human behavior and understanding. Focuses on class struggle and the exploitation of the working class by the ruling class.

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Fearmongering

A strategy used to manipulate public opinion by spreading fear and anxiety, often portraying a group as a threat to create a sense of urgency and dependence on the ruling class.

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Psychoanalysis

A method of interpreting texts through the lens of psychology, focusing on the unconscious motivations, desires, and conflicts of characters.

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What is the collective unconscious?

A collective unconscious is a shared, universal reservoir of archetypes and instincts that influence human behavior and thought.

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What are archetypes?

Archetypes are universal patterns or symbols that appear across cultures and time, representing common human experiences. They emerge from the collective unconscious.

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What's the Hero archetype?

The Hero archetype is often the protagonist, embarking on a journey to overcome obstacles and achieve a significant goal.

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What's the Scapegoat archetype?

The Scapegoat archetype is a character who is blamed for the problems of others, even if they're not responsible.

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What's the Outcast archetype?

The Outcast archetype is a character who is isolated or rejected by society, often due to their unique qualities.

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What's the Devil Figure archetype?

The Devil Figure archetype is a character who represents evil, temptation, or darkness.

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What is colonialism?

Colonialism is when a powerful nation takes control of a weaker one, often through military force, and exploits its resources and people.

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What is Eurocentrism?

Eurocentrism is a way of thinking that places European culture and perspectives at the center, often devaluing other cultures.

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Study Notes

Freud's Theory of the Mind

  • Superego
  • Id
  • Ego
  • Eggs

Marxism

  • Marxist critics view literature as a reflection of social, cultural, and political contexts.
  • Marxist critics focus on how those in power manipulate the lower classes.
  • Common Enemy: a scapegoat used to distract from societal problems.
  • Euphemism: softening language to avoid confrontation.
  • False Consciousness: Lack of awareness of oppression.
  • Fearmongering: Spreading fear to control the people.
  • Oppression: Prolonged, cruel, or unjust treatment and control.
  • Propaganda: Information used to influence or harm people.
  • Status Quo: Existing order of power structures and norms.

Literary Concepts

  • Convention
  • Associative Language
  • Archetype
  • Collective Unconscious
  • Shadow
  • Monomyth

Psychoanalysis

  • Psychological critics analyze texts through a psychological lens.

Archetypes

  • Collective unconscious
  • Pathetic fallacy
  • Generated by man's psyche
  • Express themselves in characters, situations, and symbols
  • Preconscious instinctual
  • Monomyth
  • Types of archetypes: Hero, Scapegoat, The outcast, Devil Figure, Earthmother, Temptress, Platonic Ideal, The Star-crossed lover, The quest, The initiation, The journey, The fall, Death and Rebirth, Self
  • Shadow: The unknown, dark, shadowy, and frightening part of the human psyche.
  • Anima: The feminine aspects of the male psyche.
  • Animus: The masculine aspects of the female psyche.

Postcolonial

  • Colonialism: A political-economic system where European nations explored, conquered, and controlled other territories.
  • Colonial discourse: Justifying colonialism.
  • Eurocentrism: prioritizing European values and culture.
  • Imperialism: Extending control over foreign entities.
  • Assimilation: Absorbing and accepting different ethnic customs.
  • Hegemony: Controlling another country indirectly.
  • Orientalism: A social construct of other cultures.
  • Feminism: Gender equality in social, economic, and political realms.
  • Patriarchy: A system where men hold authority in society.
  • Male Chauvinist: The belief that men are superior.
  • Marginalize: To subordinate a group.
  • Sexism: Discrimination based on gender.

Themes in Literature

  • Subordinate: Belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary; subject to the authority or control of another.
  • Objectification: Representing a person as an object.
  • Loss of innocence: The transition from naivety to maturity.
  • Good vs. Evil: The struggle between moral forces.
  • Appearance vs. Reality: Disillusionment when reality doesn't match perception.
  • Isolation and Suffering: Pain from social isolation and loss.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in literary criticism, focusing on Freud's theory of the mind and Marxist perspectives. It covers important elements such as id, ego, and superego, along with Marxist critiques of literature and society. Test your knowledge of psychological and social frameworks in literary analysis.

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