Listeria Monocytogenes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the total number of patients infected between January 2010 and January 2015 across the reported states?

  • Ten (correct)
  • Fifteen
  • Twelve
  • Eight

What is the most common form of invasive disease associated with Listeria monocytogenes in healthy adults?

  • Gastroenteritis
  • Meningitis (correct)
  • Pneumonia
  • Septicemia

Which treatment is considered bactericidal for Listeria monocytogenes?

  • Amoxicillin
  • Erythromycin
  • Vancomycin
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (correct)

Which diagnostic test is used for epidemiological tracking of Listeria monocytogenes?

<p>CAMP test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is primarily associated with combatting Listeria monocytogenes?

<p>Its ubiquitous nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of early onset neonatal disease related to Listeria monocytogenes?

<p>Transplacental transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an often asymptomatic presentation of Listeria infection in healthy adults?

<p>Flu-like illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for preventing outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes?

<p>Strict hygiene standards and monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape and arrangement of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria?

<p>Short Gram-positive rods in chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which high-risk population group is particularly vulnerable to Listeria monocytogenes infections?

<p>Elderly individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Listeria monocytogenes escape from the phagolysosome?

<p>By using listeriolysin O and phospholipases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the motility of Listeria monocytogenes?

<p>Motile at room temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of Listeria infections annually in the US?

<p>2,500 infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method does Listeria monocytogenes use to enter host cells?

<p>Adhesion to E-cadherin via Internalin A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is Listeria monocytogenes based on its oxygen requirement?

<p>Facultative anaerobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant outbreak of Listeria occurred in the US in 2011?

<p>The second deadliest outbreak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Listeria monocytogenes

A significant pathogen affecting animals and humans, often transmitted through contaminated food.

Gram-positive rods

The shape of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria under a microscope.

Intracellular pathogen

A type of pathogen that lives inside host cells.

Infection Mechanism

The steps Listeria takes to infect a cell.

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High-Risk Populations

Groups most vulnerable to Listeria infection.

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Phagolysosome Escape

How Listeria evades cell defenses within a host cell.

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Motile at room temperature

The ability of Listeria's movement capabilities at normal room conditions.

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Estimated annual infections (US)

Number of infections with Listeria monocytogenes in the United States

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Listeriosis in newborns

Newborn infections; early onset, transferred from mother, severe outcomes; late onset, acquired after birth, causing meningitis and septicemia.

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Listeriosis in adults

Often asymptomatic or causes mild flu-like illness in adults; meningitis is the most common invasive infection.

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Listeriosis diagnosis

Listeriosis is identified via Gram stain (though not in CSF), conventional media, CAMP test, nucleic acids tests, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

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Listeriosis Treatment

Mostly bacteriostatic antibiotics; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is bactericidal.

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Listeriosis Prevention

Essential to prevent outbreaks by regularly monitoring food products and maintaining strict hygiene standards.

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Gram Stain

A type of laboratory test that does not detect the bacterium in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but it can detect bacteria on conventional media .

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Infection Transmission (Newborns)

Listeriosis can affect newborns in two ways. Early-onset is passed from the mother, while late-onset is acquired after birth. 

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Ubiquitous Nature (Listeriosis)

Listeriosis is challenging to control because Listeria monocytogenes is found in various environments.

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Study Notes

Listeria Monocytogenes Overview

  • Listeria monocytogenes is a significant pathogen affecting animals and humans, particularly high-risk groups, through contaminated food.
  • The guide covers the characteristics, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment/prevention strategies.

Key Characteristics

  • Morphology/Physiology: Gram-positive rods; arranged in pairs or short chains; facultative anaerobe (survives with or without oxygen); grows over a broad temperature range; exhibits weak beta hemolysis and salt tolerance; motile at room temperature; intracellular pathogen - lives inside host cells

Pathogenesis and Immunity

  • Survival Tactics: Survives stomach acids, enzymes, and bile.
  • Cell Entry: Attaches to E-cadherin via Internalin A; enters cells.
  • Phagolysosome Escape: Utilizes listeriolysin O and phospholipases.
  • Cellular Movement: Manipulates host cell cytoskeleton to move to neighboring cells using actin as a propeller.

Epidemiology

  • Distribution: Found in the environment and feces of mammals, birds, fish, and insects.
  • Estimated Infections (US): Approximately 2,500 cases annually.
  • High-Risk Populations: Neonates, elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Outbreaks: Significant past outbreaks; 2011 caused 147 infections and 33 deaths across 28 US states. Data from 2010-2015 shows 10 cases and 3 deaths in 4 states.

Clinical Diseases

  • Neonatal Disease: Early onset (transplacental transmission) causing severe outcomes; late onset (post-birth) causing meningitis and septicemia.
  • In Healthy Adults: Often asymptomatic or presents mild flu-like illness; invasive infection (meningitis) is common.

Laboratory Diagnosis

  • Gram Stain: Not typically detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but grows on conventional media.
  • Tests: CAMP test, nucleic acid tests, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (for epidemiological analysis).

Treatment, Prevention, and Control

  • Treatment: Most antibiotics are bacteriostatic; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is bactericidal.
  • Prevention: Strict hygiene standards; regular monitoring of food products. Combating Listeria is difficult due to its ubiquitous nature.

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Listeria (ch 21) PDF Study Guide

Description

This quiz explores the essential aspects of Listeria monocytogenes, a major pathogen affecting both humans and animals. Covering its characteristics, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical management, it provides a comprehensive overview for understanding this significant foodborne illness. Test your knowledge on this crucial medical topic!

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