Listening Strategies and Schema Theory
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Listening Strategies and Schema Theory

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Questions and Answers

What does the process view of listening change about the role of the listener?

  • Listeners now only receive and process information passively.
  • Listeners are considered active participants in communication. (correct)
  • Listeners are not responsible for their learning process.
  • Listeners focus solely on verbal content.

    • How do students improve their listening in a second language according to the content?

  • By avoiding interactions with classmates.
  • By passively ingesting language materials.
  • By actively attending to their listening needs. (correct)
  • By solely relying on teacher instruction.

    • What is a key element that learners are encouraged to develop control over?

  • Their ability to memorize vocabulary.
  • Their writing skills.
  • Their listening process. (correct)
  • Their reading speed.

    • What social dimension is essential in the act of active listening?

    <p>Interpreting body language and facial expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of integrating isolated skills training with general comprehension work in listening?

    <p>To make discrete abilities part of listening behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the instructional approach described, what is a limitation of traditional listening materials?

    <p>They lack interaction opportunities for students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skill do students utilize when they switch between bottom-up and top-down processing?

    <p>Adjusting their listening strategies based on context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of strategy involves asking oneself about the understanding of the main idea during the listening process?

    <p>Metacognitive strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do students have when they discuss strategies and their effectiveness?

    <p>They are active collaborators in their learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taking notes while listening is an example of which type of listening strategy?

    <p>Cognitive strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of strategies includes communicating with others to develop self-confidence?

    <p>Socio-affective strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should students do to approximate real-life listening experiences?

    <p>Engage in group or pair activities to practice communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do researchers generally agree on regarding listening strategies?

    <p>Some strategies are easier to teach than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of listening strategies mentioned?

    <p>Emotional strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a cognitive strategy in listening?

    <p>Predicting what will be said next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main goal of using listening strategies according to the content?

    <p>To achieve comprehension and promote learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it unrealistic for teachers to match every student's interest in class?

    <p>There are too many students with diverse interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key benefits of teacher talk in the classroom?

    <p>It provides controlled difficulty for listening practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should listening texts primarily represent for students?

    <p>Types of spoken language they expect to hear in real life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as important for material selection in teaching listening?

    <p>Color schemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can teacher responses be structured to encourage listening skills?

    <p>By announcing a purpose before telling a story.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does variety play in selecting materials for listening activities?

    <p>Variety helps maintain student engagement and interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a natural source of aural input in the classroom?

    <p>Student talk during group work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should listening material be adjusted for varying student levels?

    <p>Paraphrase, repeat, and adjust delivery speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of intensive listening?

    <p>Noticing linguistic forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT an example of intensive listening?

    <p>Taking notes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task is primarily associated with selective listening?

    <p>Following instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of interactive listening?

    <p>Engaging in back-and-forth conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes selective listening?

    <p>Focusing on specific details for a purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill does NOT benefit from intensive listening exercises?

    <p>Constructing sentences in conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary activity associated with interactive listening?

    <p>Engaging in role-play conversations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an objective of practicing intensive listening?

    <p>Noticing linguistic nuances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of schemata in listening?

    <p>To provide background knowledge for understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bottom-up processing primarily involve?

    <p>Understanding through individual sounds and words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do top-down and bottom-up processing work together?

    <p>They enhance overall comprehension of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people have different schemas for the same words?

    <p>Due to personal experiences shaping their understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guided the author’s understanding of the phrase involving 'NE PAS DERANGER'?

    <p>Context provided by the surrounding text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the choice between top-down and bottom-up processing?

    <p>The topic, content, and type of text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a schema for the word 'parade' for people from the Soviet Union?

    <p>A military display with troops and flags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not typically associated with bottom-up processing?

    <p>Utilizing general knowledge of context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Schema Theory in Listening

    • Listeners use schemata, mental representations of knowledge, to understand information.
    • Schemata are shaped by experiences and help listeners predict what they might hear next.
    • Understanding schema theory can be helpful in teaching listening by providing context and background knowledge.

    Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing

    • Bottom-up processing focuses on decoding individual elements of the message (sounds, words, grammar).
    • Top-down processing uses existing knowledge and expectations to guide comprehension.
    • Both processes work together, depending on the type of text and listener's background knowledge.

    Listening Strategies

    • Listening strategies are deliberate actions listeners take to achieve a specific purpose.
    • Cognitive strategies involve organizing listening for comprehension and learning (e.g., predicting, guessing).
    • Metacognitive strategies involve reflection and monitoring the listening process (e.g., checking understanding).
    • Socio-affective strategies involve social interaction and building confidence during listening (e.g., group work, seeking practice).

    The Role of Students in Active Listening

    • Students should take responsibility for their own listening development.
    • Active listening involves engaging with the text, using schemata, and employing strategies.
    • Learners can discuss their listening experiences and strategies with peers to improve performance.

    Social Dimension of Listening

    • Real-life listening involves social cues and interaction with the speaker.
    • Group and pair activities allow students to practice understanding, asking questions, and responding appropriately during listening.

    Listening Material Selection

    • Material should be authentic, relevant, and appropriate in difficulty for the student population.
    • Teachers should consider genre, register, and required response type when choosing listening texts.

    Importance of Teacher Talk

    • Teacher talk provides natural opportunities for listening practice.
    • Teachers can adjust the difficulty of their speech by paraphrasing, repeating, and using nonverbal cues.

    Student Talk as Input

    • Student talk in class activities provides natural aural input.

    Intensive Listening

    • Intensive listening focuses on analyzing specific linguistic elements (words, grammar, sounds).
    • Activities include transcription, dictation, cloze exercises, dictogloss, and error correction.

    Selective Listening

    • Selective listening involves concentrating on specific details to extract information.
    • Activities include following directions, taking notes, answering specific questions.

    Interactive Listening

    • Interactive listening requires alternating between listening and speaking.
    • Activities involve negotiating meaning, confirming understanding, and responding appropriately.

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    Description

    Explore the principles of schema theory and its application in listening comprehension. This quiz covers bottom-up and top-down processing, along with effective listening strategies that enhance understanding. Perfect for educators and learners seeking to improve listening skills.

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