Lipids Quiz and Functions
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Questions and Answers

A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is?

  • soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents
  • soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents
  • insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents (correct)
  • no correct response

    • Which of the following is not a biochemical function classification for lipids?

  • messenger lipid
  • membrane lipid
  • no correct response (correct)
  • emulsification lipid

    • The saponifiable / nonsaponifiable classification system for lipids is based on?

  • lipid behavior in acidic solution
  • lipid behavior in basic solution (correct)
  • no correct response
  • ability of lipids to react with alcohols

    • Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct?

    <p>They are rarely found in the free state in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following pairs of fatty acids are both members of the pair polyunsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>18:2 acid and 18:3 acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-6 fatty acid?

    <p>CH3-(CH2)4 —CH=CH—(CH2)5 —COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The double bond present in a monounsaturated fatty acid almost always:

    <p>is in a cis-configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a greater water solubility than the second listed acid?

    <p>18:0 acid and 14:0 acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a lower melting point than the second listed acid?

    <p>18:2 acid and 18:0 acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many structural ‘subunits’ are present in the block diagram for a triacylglycerol?

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ester linkages are present in a triacylglycerol molecule?

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different simple triglyceride molecules can be produced that include glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid as part of their structure?

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic between fats and oils?

    <p>physical state at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated fatty acid residues are structural components of?

    <p>both fats and oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of human body response to dietary fat, which of the following is considered to be “good fat”?

    <p>polyunsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Current dietary recommendations for Americans, relative to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, include a recommended increase in?

    <p>omega-3 fatty acid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Linolenic acid and linoleic acid, the essential fatty acids, are, respectively?

    <p>18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One molecule of a fat or oil, upon complete hydrolysis, produces how many product molecules?

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Triacylglycerol hydrolysis associated with the human digestive process most often produces which of the following?

    <p>glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the expected products when a fat undergoes saponification?

    <p>glycerol and fatty acid salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unwanted production of trans fats is associated with which of the following types of triacylglycerol reactions?

    <p>hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effect of partial hydrogenation of a fat or oil is which of the following?

    <p>decrease in melting point of the fat or oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the oxidation of fats and oils, which structural part of the molecule is attacked by the oxidizing agent?

    <p>carbon-carbon double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on biological function, phospholipids are classified as?

    <p>membrane lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of lipids contain both ester and amide linkages?

    <p>sphingophospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the molecule sphingosine is correct?

    <p>Two hydroxyl groups and one amino group are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a glycerophospholipid, the two tails are?

    <p>both fatty acid residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a sphingophospholipid, the two tails are?

    <p>the fatty acid residue and part of the sphingosine molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of the “head and two tails” model for phospholipids?

    <p>one tail is hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of structural building blocks present in a sphingoglycolipid in which a single monosaccharide unit is present is?

    <p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of linkages are always present in a sphingoglycolipid?

    <p>amide linkage and glycosidic linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The “steroid nucleus” common to all steroid structures involves a fused-ring system that contains?

    <p>four 6-membered rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of membrane lipids has a steroid structure?

    <p>cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol is correct?

    <p>An alcohol functional group is present in its structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exterior surface positions in a lipid bilayer are occupied by?

    <p>hydrophilic entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following polarity-based descriptions is correct for the interior of a lipid bilayer?

    <p>contains “nonpolar tails”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biochemical function for the cholesterol present in cell membranes is?

    <p>regulate membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires both the aid of proteins and the expenditure of cellular energy?

    <p>active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning bile acids is incorrect?

    <p>They are insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning structural characteristics of bile acids is correct?

    <p>More hydroxyl groups are present than in cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning steroid hormones is correct?

    <p>All of them are cholesterol derivatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct pairing of concepts?

    <p>male sex hormones and androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is associated with Na+/K+ balance in the human body?

    <p>aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is?

    <p>arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspirin reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the formation of which of the following types of messenger lipids?

    <p>prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of eicosanoids has a cyclopentane ring as a structural component?

    <p>prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many structural subunits are present in the “block diagram” for a biological wax?

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functional groups is present in biological waxes?

    <p>ester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of carbon chains present in the structures of biological waxes and mineral waxes are, respectively?

    <p>2 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following pairs of lipid types are both members of the pair classified as saponifiable lipids?

    <p>triacylglycerols and biological waxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many “building blocks” are present in the block diagram structure of a nonsaponifiable lipid?

    <p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning bond breaking that occurs under saponification conditions is incorrect?

    <p>Glycosidic linkages are broken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning deoxyribonucleic acids is incorrect?

    <p>They are found in all parts of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    LIPIDS

    • Lipids are biochemical substances, insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.
    • They have various functions, including forming cell membranes, acting as messengers, and emulsification.
    • Saponifiable lipids react with bases, while nonsaponifiable lipids do not.

    QUIZ 1

    • Lipids are substances of biochemical origin, which are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.
    • Biochemical functions of lipids include membrane lipids, messenger lipids, and emulsification lipids.
    • The saponifiable/nonsaponifiable classification for lipids depends on their behavior in basic or acidic solutions, or their ability to react with alcohols.

    QUIZ 2

    • Fatty acids are naturally occurring dicarboxylic acids, often found in the free state in nature.
    • They usually have an even number of carbon atoms.

    QUIZ 3

    • Omega-6 fatty acids are a type of fatty acid with a double bond located on a specific carbon position.

    QUIZ 4

    • Triacylglycerols have three structural subunits and three ester linkages.
    • Certain combinations of fatty acids and glycerol can result in different triglyceride molecules.

    QUIZ 5

    • Monounsaturated fats are often considered a good type of fat.
    • Dietary recommendations suggest varying intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

    QUIZ 6

    • Complete hydrolysis of a fat or oil produces glycerol and fatty acid molecules.
    • Saponification of fats produces glycerol and fatty acid salts.

    QUIZ 7

    • Triacylglycerol hydrolysis results in the production of diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol, but mostly glycerol.
    • Chemical reactions of triacylglycerols such as hydrogenation and oxidation result in changes in the fats.

    QUIZ 8

    • Sphingophospholipids contain both ester and amide linkages.
    • Sphingosine molecules consist of two hydroxyl groups and one amino group.
    • Glycerophospholipids have two tails, one of which is a fatty acid residue in glycerophospholipids, and the other is the phosphate group.

    QUIZ 9

    • Steroid structures have a fused-ring system, which contains 4 fused 6-membered rings.
    • Cholesterol is one type of steroid lipid.

    QUIZ 10

    • A lipid bilayer is a structural representation of how lipids are arranged.

    QUIZ 11

    • Bile acids are cholesterol derivatives with emulsifying properties.
    • Bile acids are insoluble in water.
    • Bile acids have hydroxyl groups.

    QUIZ 12

    • Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.
    • Some hormones are involved in regulating sex characteristics.

    QUIZ 13

    • Changes in proteins by point mutations may lead to changes in the amino acid.
    • Frameshift mutations change the whole amino acid sequence.

    QUIZ 14

    • Biological waxes are typically composed of two long hydrocarbon chains attached to an ester linkage.

    QUIZ 15

    • R-DNA is typically created from combining genetic material from different organisms.
    • rDNA can be incorporated in the host cell, leading to changes.

    QUIZ 16

    • The polymerase chain reaction is a method for rapidly producing multiple copies of a DNA base sequence and is applicable to biotechnology.
    • Each cycle of the polymerase chain reaction doubles the number of the product molecules.

    NUCLEIC ACIDS

    • Deoxyribonucleic acids and ribonucleic acids are involved in storing and transferring genetic information.
    • R-nucleic acids are involved in protein synthesis.

    QUIZ 1

    • Deoxyribonucleic acids are found in all parts of the cell, used in storing and transferring genetic information.
    • Ribose nucleic acids are directly involved in the protein synthesis process.

    QUIZ 2

    • Nucleotides consist of one pentose sugar, one heterocyclic base and one phosphate group.
    • There are 2 different pentose sugars and 5 heterocyclic bases.
    • Purine derivatives are 2 in number.

    QUIZ 3

    • Nucleotides comprise pentose sugars, heterocyclic bases, and phosphate groups.
    • Nucleotides play a role in DNA molecules.

    QUIZ 4

    • The primary structure of a nucleic acid is defined by its base sequence.
    • Nucleic acids have a sugar-phosphate backbone linked by alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
    • The non-terminal phosphate groups in a segment have a -1 charge.

    QUIZ 5

    • DNA double helix structure is formed by two intertwined nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds.
    • Complementary base pairing occurs within DNA double helixes.

    QUIZ 6

    • DNA replication results in two daughter DNA molecules, with each containing one original parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
    • DNA is unwound in the process of replication.

    QUIZ 7

    • The first stage of protein synthesis is referred to as transcription.
    • The product of transcription is RNA.

    QUIZ 8

    • RNA differs from DNA because it is single stranded, it contains 5 different bases, and it contains a greater number of nucleotide units.
    • mRNA, has a 'messenger' role.
    • tRNA, serves as an 'anticodon' carrier.

    QUIZ 9

    • Transcription involves partial unwinding of DNA to produce hnRNA.
    • The DNA strand involved in RNA synthesis is called the informational strand.
    • Not all RNA molecules are converted to hnRNA.

    QUIZ 10

    • Codons are nucleotide sequences that are found in mRNA and specify amino acids.
    • 64 codons exist.
    • Some codons specify stop functions.

    QUIZ 11

    • tRNA molecules carry amino acids and have anticodon sequences for complementary base pairing.
    • rRNA is an important part of ribosomes.

    QUIZ 12

    • Ribosomes have two subunits, mRNA and rRNA.
    • Ribosomes play a role in protein synthesis.

    QUIZ 13

    • Point mutations affect one amino acid.
    • Frame-shift mutations have an effect on all the succeeding amino acids following the mutation.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on lipids, their biochemical properties, and functions such as forming cell membranes and acting as messengers. Explore various classifications of lipids, including saponifiable and nonsaponifiable types. This quiz covers important aspects of fatty acids and triacylglycerols.

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