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Questions and Answers
A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is
A lipid is any substance of biochemical origin that is
- insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents (correct)
- soluble in water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents
- no correct response
- soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents
Which of the following is not a biochemical function classification for lipids?
Which of the following is not a biochemical function classification for lipids?
- messenger lipid
- no correct response (correct)
- emulsification lipid
- membrane lipid
The saponifiable/nonsaponifiable classification system for lipids is based on
The saponifiable/nonsaponifiable classification system for lipids is based on
- ability of lipids to react with alcohols
- lipid behavior in acidic solution
- lipid behavior in basic solution (correct)
- no correct response
Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning fatty acids is correct?
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids are both members of the pair polyunsaturated fatty acids?
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids are both members of the pair polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-6 fatty acid?
Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-6 fatty acid?
The double bond present in a monounsaturated fatty acid almost always
The double bond present in a monounsaturated fatty acid almost always
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a greater water solubility than the second listed acid?
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a greater water solubility than the second listed acid?
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a lower melting point than the second listed acid?
In which of the following pairs of fatty acids does the first listed acid have a lower melting point than the second listed acid?
How many structural “subunits” are present in the block diagram for a triacylglycerol?
How many structural “subunits” are present in the block diagram for a triacylglycerol?
How many ester linkages are present in a triacylglycerol molecule?
How many ester linkages are present in a triacylglycerol molecule?
How many different simple triglyceride molecules can be produced that include glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid as part of their structure?
How many different simple triglyceride molecules can be produced that include glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid as part of their structure?
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic between fats and oils?
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic between fats and oils?
Unsaturated fatty acid residues are structural components of
Unsaturated fatty acid residues are structural components of
In terms of human body response to dietary fat, which of the following is considered to be “good fat”?
In terms of human body response to dietary fat, which of the following is considered to be “good fat”?
Current dietary recommendations for Americans, relative to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, include a recommended increase in
Current dietary recommendations for Americans, relative to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, include a recommended increase in
Linolenic acid and linoleic acid, the essential fatty acids, are, respectively,
Linolenic acid and linoleic acid, the essential fatty acids, are, respectively,
One molecule of a fat or oil, upon complete hydrolysis, produces how many product molecules?
One molecule of a fat or oil, upon complete hydrolysis, produces how many product molecules?
Triacylglycerol hydrolysis associated with the human digestive process most often produces which of the following?
Triacylglycerol hydrolysis associated with the human digestive process most often produces which of the following?
Which of the following are the expected products when a fat undergoes saponification?
Which of the following are the expected products when a fat undergoes saponification?
Unwanted production of trans fats is associated with which of the following types of triacylglycerol reactions?
Unwanted production of trans fats is associated with which of the following types of triacylglycerol reactions?
The effect of partial hydrogenation of a fat or oil is which of the following?
The effect of partial hydrogenation of a fat or oil is which of the following?
In the oxidation of fats and oils, which structural part of the molecule is attacked by the oxidizing agent?
In the oxidation of fats and oils, which structural part of the molecule is attacked by the oxidizing agent?
Based on biological function, phospholipids are classified as
Based on biological function, phospholipids are classified as
Which of the following types of lipids contain both ester and amide linkages?
Which of the following types of lipids contain both ester and amide linkages?
Which of the following statements about the molecule sphingosine is correct?
Which of the following statements about the molecule sphingosine is correct?
When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a glycerophospholipid, the two tails are
When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a glycerophospholipid, the two tails are
When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a sphingophospholipid, the two tails are
When the “head and two tails” structural model is applied to a sphingophospholipid, the two tails are
In terms of the “head and two tails” model for phospholipids
In terms of the “head and two tails” model for phospholipids
The number of structural building blocks present in a sphingoglycolipid in which a single monosaccharide unit is present is
The number of structural building blocks present in a sphingoglycolipid in which a single monosaccharide unit is present is
Which of the following types of linkages are always present in a sphingoglycolipid?
Which of the following types of linkages are always present in a sphingoglycolipid?
The “steroid nucleus” common to all steroid structures involves a fused-ring system that contains
The “steroid nucleus” common to all steroid structures involves a fused-ring system that contains
Which of the following types of membrane lipids has a steroid structure?
Which of the following types of membrane lipids has a steroid structure?
Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning cholesterol is correct?
The exterior surface positions in a lipid bilayer are occupied by
The exterior surface positions in a lipid bilayer are occupied by
Which of the following polarity-based descriptions is correct for the interior of a lipid bilayer?
Which of the following polarity-based descriptions is correct for the interior of a lipid bilayer?
The biochemical function for the cholesterol present in cell membranes is
The biochemical function for the cholesterol present in cell membranes is
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires both the aid of proteins and the expenditure of cellular energy?
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires both the aid of proteins and the expenditure of cellular energy?
Which of the following statements concerning bile acids is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning bile acids is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning structural characteristics of bile acids is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning structural characteristics of bile acids is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning steroid hormones is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning steroid hormones is correct?
Which of the following is a correct pairing of concepts?
Which of the following is a correct pairing of concepts?
Which of the following substances is associated with Na+/K+ balance in the human body?
Which of the following substances is associated with Na+/K+ balance in the human body?
The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is
The metabolic precursor for the production of most eicosanoids is
Aspirin reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the formation of which of the following types of messenger lipids?
Aspirin reduces inflammation and fever by inhibiting the formation of which of the following types of messenger lipids?
Which of the following types of eicosanoids has a cyclopentane ring as a structural component?
Which of the following types of eicosanoids has a cyclopentane ring as a structural component?
How many structural subunits are present in the ‘block diagram’ for a biological wax?
How many structural subunits are present in the ‘block diagram’ for a biological wax?
Which of the following functional groups is present in biological waxes?
Which of the following functional groups is present in biological waxes?
The number of carbon chains present in the structures of biological waxes and mineral waxes are, respectively,
The number of carbon chains present in the structures of biological waxes and mineral waxes are, respectively,
In which of the following pairs of lipid types are both members of the pair classified as saponifiable lipids?
In which of the following pairs of lipid types are both members of the pair classified as saponifiable lipids?
How many ‘building blocks’ are present in the block diagram structure of a nonsaponifiable lipid?
How many ‘building blocks’ are present in the block diagram structure of a nonsaponifiable lipid?
Which of the following statements concerning bond breaking that occurs under saponification conditions is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning bond breaking that occurs under saponification conditions is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning deoxyribonucleic acids is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning deoxyribonucleic acids is incorrect?
Which of the following statements concerning ribonucleic acids is correct?
Which of the following statements concerning ribonucleic acids is correct?
Any given nucleotide in a nucleic acid contains
Any given nucleotide in a nucleic acid contains
How many different sugars and how many different heterocyclic bases are available, respectively, for incorporation into a nucleotide?
How many different sugars and how many different heterocyclic bases are available, respectively, for incorporation into a nucleotide?
How many different heterocyclic bases that are purine derivatives are available for incorporation into a nucleotide?
How many different heterocyclic bases that are purine derivatives are available for incorporation into a nucleotide?
Which of the following is present in nucleotides but not nucleosides?
Which of the following is present in nucleotides but not nucleosides?
Which of the following is an incorrect statement concerning the structural characteristics of a nucleotide?
Which of the following is an incorrect statement concerning the structural characteristics of a nucleotide?
Flashcards
Lipid solubility
Lipid solubility
Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Naturally occurring carboxylic acids found rarely in free state in nature, typically containing an even number of carbon atoms
Omega-6 fatty acid
Omega-6 fatty acid
Fatty acids with a double bond six carbons from the methyl end of the carbon chain
Saturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids
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Unsaturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
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Monounsaturated fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Triacylglycerol
Triacylglycerol
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Ester linkage
Ester linkage
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Saponification
Saponification
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Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
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Essential fatty acids
Essential fatty acids
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Phospholipid
Phospholipid
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Sphingophospholipid
Sphingophospholipid
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Sphingoglycolipid
Sphingoglycolipid
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Steroid
Steroid
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol
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Bile acid
Bile acid
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Steroid hormones
Steroid hormones
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Eicosanoids
Eicosanoids
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Biological wax
Biological wax
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Nucleotide
Nucleotide
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Base pairing (nucleic acids)
Base pairing (nucleic acids)
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DNA replication
DNA replication
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RNA
RNA
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mRNA
mRNA
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tRNA
tRNA
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Study Notes
LIPIDS
- A lipid is any biochemical substance that is insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.
- Lipids are classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable based on their behavior in acidic or basic solutions, or their ability to react with alcohols.
- Biochemical functions of lipids include membrane lipids, messenger lipids, and emulsification lipids.
QUIZ 1
- Fatty acids are naturally occurring dicarboxylic acids that are rarely found in their free state in nature. They most often contain an even number of carbon atoms.
QUIZ 2
- 18:1 acid and 18:2 acid are examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Omega-6 fatty acids have a double bond at the sixth carbon from the methyl end of the carbon chain. The cis configuration of the double bond is almost always present in monounsaturated fatty acids.
QUIZ 3
- The first listed fatty acid in a pair has a greater water solubility than the second listed acid if the first listed acid has a smaller number of carbon atoms.
- The first listed fatty acid in a pair has a lower melting point than the second if the first listed acid contains fewer carbons or more double bonds.
QUIZ 4
- A triacylglycerol contains three structural subunits and three ester linkages.
- Various simple triglyceride molecules can be produced from glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid.
- Mixed triglyceride molecules can be produced from glycerol, stearic acid, and palmitic acid.
QUIZ 5
- Monounsaturated fats are considered "good fats" for human health.
- Current dietary recommendations for Americans are to increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids relative to omega-6 fatty acids.
- Linolenic acid and linoleic acid are essential fatty acids (18:3 and 18:2, respectively).
QUIZ 6
- Complete hydrolysis of a fat or oil produces three molecules.
- Triacylglycerol hydrolysis in the human digestive system often produces diacylglycerol and/or monoacylglycerol.
- Saponification of a fat produces glycerol and fatty acid salts.
QUIZ 7
- Phospholipids are classified as energy storage lipids, membrane lipids, and messenger lipids.
QUIZ 8
- Sphingoglycolipids contain both ester and amide linkages.
- Sphingosine molecules contain two hydroxyl groups and one amino group.
- Glycerophospholipids have two fatty acid residues and one phosphate group.
- Sphingophospholipids have one fatty acid residue and part of the sphingosine molecule.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
- Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) are found in all parts of a cell and are involved in storing and transferring genetic information.
- Ribonucleic acids (RNA) are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
QUIZ 1
- Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) are associated with storage and transfer of genetic information and are passed from existing cells to new cells during cell division.
- Ribonucleic acids (RNA) are involved in protein synthesis and are passed from existing cells to new cells during cell division.
QUIZ 2
- A nucleotide contains one pentose sugar, one heterocyclic base, and one phosphate group.
- There are 2 pentose sugars and 5 heterocyclic bases available for incorporation into nucleotides.
- There are 2 purine derivatives available for incorporation into nucleotides.
QUIZ 3
- Nucleotides contain a phosphate group, a heterocyclic base, and a pentose sugar.
- DNA molecules contain 4 nucleotides.
QUIZ 4
- The primary structure of nucleic acid refers to the sequence of bases.
- The backbone of a nucleic acid involves alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
- The non-terminal phosphate group in a nucleic acid segment carries a 1-charge.
- A terminal phosphate group is located at the 5' end of the segment.
QUIZ 5
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule with complementary base pairs that hold the two strands together.
QUIZ 6
- Replication of DNA forms two daughter molecules, each containing one parental strand and one new strand.
- DNA replication initiates at various locations and unwinds the DNA double helix with DNA helicase.
- New strands in DNA replication are synthesized in segments called Okazaki fragments.
QUIZ 7
- Protein synthesis starts with a phase called transcription; which produces RNA molecules.
QUIZ 8
- RNA molecules contain 4 bases, but differ from DNA molecules in being single stranded.
QUIZ 9
- The transcription phase of protein synthesis involves partial unwinding of DNA, uses one DNA strand as a template to synthesize RNA, and converts mRNA molecules to hnRNA molecules.
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