Lipids Not Saponifiable and Steroid Hormones

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of nonsaponifiable lipids?

Carotenoids

Triglycerides (correct)

Steroids

Prostaglandins

The basic structure of steroids is the ______.

ciclopentanoperhidrofenantreno

Steroids are directly related to triglycerides, phospholipids, and sphingolipids.

False

Which of the following is NOT a major type of steroid?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the steroid that is a crystalline substance insoluble in water?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname for LDL?

Bad cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?

Regulation of glucose synthesis, breakdown of fats and proteins, and excretion of water and electrolytes. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eicosanoids with their roles:

Prostaglandins = Retention of fluids, control of blood pressure, regulation of blood circulation Leucotrienes = Inflammation and allergic reactions Tromboxanes = Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

Eicosanoids are derived from fatty acids with 20 carbon atoms.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural feature that differentiates different prostaglandin families?

The type and number of oxygen-containing substituents on the cyclopentane ring. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about terpenes is accurate?

Terpenes contribute to the color of some foods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

Humans can produce all the fat-soluble vitamins they need.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of vitamin A?

Vision, reproduction, growth, and tissue maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D?

Regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption for bone development and maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Vitamin E in the body?

Protection against oxidative damage to cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Vitamin K in the body?

Coagulation of the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipids Not Saponifiable

Lipids not saponifiable include: Steroids, prostaglandins, leucotrienes, thromboxanes, carotenoids, and lipid vitamins.
Steroids are not related to triglycerides, phospholipids, or sphingolipids; they share a basic structure of 17 carbon atoms.
Important steroids include: sterols, bile acids, female and male sex hormones, corticosteroid hormones, and vitamin D.
Cholesterol is a well-known sterol. It is a crystalline substance insoluble in water.
LDL ("bad cholesterol") is a low-density lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to cells.

Steroid Hormones

Adrenal cortex hormones stimulate glycogen synthesis and fat breakdown, and affect protein metabolism
Cortisol is a stress hormone
Androgens (e.g., testosterone) and estrogens/progesterone affect sexual development and function.

Eicosanoids

Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes are eicosanoids derived from 20-carbon fatty acids (primarily arachidonic acid).
Prostaglandins are crucial in various physiological processes, including regulating blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation.
Prostaglandins were first isolated from the prostate, and are found in all tissues.
They play crucial roles in medicine and pharmacology.
Prostaglandins influence blood pressure and blood circulation.

Leukotrienes

Leukotrienes are involved in various inflammatory responses and allergic reactions.

Thromboxanes (TX)

Thromboxanes are powerful metabolites of prostaglandins that stimulate platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

Carotenoids

Carotenoids are pigments that give color to foods.
They are insoluble in water and are a source of vitamin A.

Vitamins (Lipophilic)

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamin A is vital for vision and growth, derived from carotenoids.
Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption, critical for bone formation.
Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant by preventing premature cell damage.
Vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of non-saponifiable lipids, including steroids and eicosanoids. This quiz covers crucial concepts such as the structure of steroids, the role of adrenal cortex hormones, and the significance of lipid vitamins. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important biochemical compounds.