Lipids in Medicine

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Which of the following food sources are high in cholesterol content?

Legumes

Fruits and vegetables

Organ meats, such as liver and brain (correct)

Whole grains

What percentage of the body's cholesterol is produced by the liver?

80% (correct)

70%

50%

90%

Who discovered cholesterol in 1815?

Konrad Bloch

M.E. Chevreul (correct)

David Rittenberg

Brown and Goldstein

What is the name of the protein that grabs cholesterol-carrying particles from the blood?

LDL-receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the method used by Konrad Bloch and David Rittenberg to study cholesterol biosynthesis?

Isotopic tracer methods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of cholesterol?

Foods of plant origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the clinical attention given to cholesterol and triglycerides?

Their abnormal concentrations in the plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contributor to the high prevalence of high cholesterol levels in children?

A high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for increased plasma lipoproteins?

Hyperlipoproteinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable range for LDL cholesterol in children and adolescents?

< 110 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lipid profile test in clinical chemistry laboratories?

To diagnose lipid disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerosis?

Elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations are related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change can help control cholesterol levels?

Increasing physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Why are children with a family history of early heart disease considered high-risk?

They are more likely to have high cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the major lipids present in the plasma, excluding lipid-soluble substances?

Fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood cholesterol level considered high for children and adolescents?

> 200 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for abnormal concentrations of lipids in the plasma?

Abnormalities in the synthesis, degradation, and transport of lipoprotein particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased lipid to protein ratio on the size and density of lipoproteins?

The size of the micelles increases and the density of lipoproteins decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended range for LDL-c in order to reduce the risk of heart disease?

< 130 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of diabetes on lipoprotein levels?

Lowers 'good' cholesterol levels and raises triglyceride and 'bad' cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of obesity on blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels?

Raises blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure to reduce the risk of heart disease?

< 140/90 or under Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk of heart disease associated with?

Family history of heart disease at an early age Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of high cholesterol levels, besides heart disease?

Gallstones, osteoarthritis, and respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

Why do premenopausal women tend to have lower rates of heart disease?

Higher levels of HDL cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy?

Thickening the uterine lining and increasing blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Why do older women tend to have higher triglyceride levels?

Due to hormonal changes during menopause Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life does atherosclerosis begin to develop?

During childhood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why children or teenagers rarely have a heart attack or stroke?

Because the process of atherosclerosis takes many years to develop Signup and view all the answers