Questions and Answers
What type of compound are lipids?
organic
What three elements are lipids composed of?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids are large complex molecules called?
macromolecules
Why are lipids non-polar molecules?
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What property does being non-polar lead to?
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What are triglycerides?
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What is glycerol?
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Glycerol is an alcohol that contains 3 carbon atoms joined by a ______.
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What happens when the hydroxyl group between glycerol and a fatty acid interact?
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What is this reaction called?
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What is the bond called?
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What type of reaction is esterification an example of?
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What is the formula of glycerol?
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What is this particular glycerol's modern chemical name?
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What is the general formula of a fatty acid?
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What group of molecules do fatty acids belong to?
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Why are they called acids?
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What happens to this carboxyl group when in water?
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Give the equation for the dissociation of the carboxyl group.
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What is the rest of the fatty acid composed of?
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The hydrocarbon chain can vary. How can the region vary?
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What gives a fatty acid its properties?
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When is a triglyceride formed?
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What is this reaction called?
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What is removed and what is formed?
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What is the umbrella term used to describe triglycerides?
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How are triglycerides grouped?
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What are triglycerides called when liquid at room temperature (20 degrees C)?
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What are triglycerides called when solid at room temperature?
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What is each molecule of fat or oil made up of (4 things)?
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Fatty acids can be described as?
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What does saturated mean?
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Saturated fatty acids have only?
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Explain the link between saturated triglycerides and the appearance of fats.
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Name an example of an unsaturated fat.
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Study Notes
Lipids Overview
- Lipids are organic compounds primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but contain significantly less oxygen than carbohydrates.
- They are classified as macromolecules due to their large and complex structure.
Characteristics of Lipids
- Non-polar nature results from the even distribution of electrons, leading to their insolubility in water.
Components of Lipids
- Triglycerides are a main form of lipids made up of fatty acids and glycerol.
- Glycerol is a simple alcohol containing three carbon atoms linked by hydroxyl groups.
Reactions Involving Lipids
- The interaction of hydroxyl groups from glycerol with fatty acids leads to the formation of three water molecules and the creation of ester bonds through a process called esterification.
- Esterification is a condensation reaction, which results in the removal of water and the establishment of ester bonds.
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
- Glycerol's chemical formula is C3H8O3, also known as propane 1,2,3-triol.
- Fatty acids have a general formula of CH3(CH2)nCOOH and belong to the carboxylic acid group due to the presence of the carboxyl group (-COOH).
Properties of Fatty Acids
- Fatty acids exhibit acidic properties because the carboxyl group can dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+).
- The hydrocarbon chain of fatty acids varies, influencing their properties; variations include number of carbon atoms, presence of double bonds, and their positions.
Formation of Triglycerides
- A triglyceride forms when each hydroxyl group on glycerol interacts with a carboxyl group on fatty acids, resulting in a condensation reaction.
- Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
Types of Triglycerides
- Triglycerides can exist in two states: liquid (oils) at room temperature and solid (fats) depending on their fatty acid composition.
- Saturated triglycerides, with only single bonds in their hydrocarbon chains, tend to be solid due to closely packed fatty acids, while unsaturated fats, like oleic acid, contain double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.
Key Terms
- Ester bond: The linkage formed between glycerol and fatty acids during esterification.
- Hydrocarbon chain: The part of fatty acids made up solely of carbon and hydrogen.
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Test your knowledge on lipids with our flashcards! This quiz covers the essential concepts related to the structure, composition, and properties of lipids, ideal for students learning about organic compounds. Perfect for quick review or deeper understanding of lipid chemistry.
