Lipids Chapter 21
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Questions and Answers

What is the main force driving the formation of lipid bilayers?

  • Hydrophobic interaction (correct)
  • Van der Waals forces
  • Ionic interactions
  • Hydrogen bonding

What is the characteristic of triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids?

  • They are generally solids at room temperature
  • They are generally liquids at room temperature (correct)
  • They are generally semisolids at room temperature
  • They have a high melting point

What is the arrangement of hydrocarbon tails in the interior of lipid bilayers rich in unsaturated fatty acids?

  • Fluid (correct)
  • Compact crystalline
  • Disordered
  • Rigid

Why do triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points?

<p>Due to their three-dimensional shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the polar head groups in a lipid bilayer?

<p>They are in contact with the aqueous environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids?

<p>They are generally semisolids or solids at room temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the coatings of nerve axons?

<p>Sphingolipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecule from which glycerophospholipids are derived?

<p>Phosphatidic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the fatty acid on carbon 2 of glycerol in phosphatidic acids?

<p>It is always unsaturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids?

<p>Because they have a less ordered structure due to cis configuration of double bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant steroid in the human body?

<p>Cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydrogenation hardening?

<p>To produce higher melting point triglycerides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of glycerophospholipids in plant and animal membranes?

<p>They make up 40% - 50% of the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main carrier of cholesterol in the blood?

<p>LDL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic shared by all lipids?

<p>Insolubility in water and solubility in organic solvents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are produced through the partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated oils?

<p>Triglycerides with a desired consistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alcohol component of sphingolipids?

<p>Sphingosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of a triglyceride?

<p>An ester of glycerol with three fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the female sex hormones synthesized in the ovaries?

<p>Estrogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesteryl esters in the liver?

<p>Synthesis of steroid hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do HDL transport cholesterol from?

<p>Peripheral tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of COX-2?

<p>Producing prostaglandins in inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the oxidation products of cholesterol?

<p>Bile salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are androgens synthesized?

<p>Testes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are bile salts synthesized and stored?

<p>In the liver and stored in the gallbladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of thromboxane A2 on platelets and blood vessels?

<p>It induces platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of leukotrienes on the lungs?

<p>They produce muscle contractions, especially in the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin and other NSAIDs?

<p>They inhibit the synthesis of thromboxanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potency of leukotrienes relative to histamine?

<p>They are 100 times more potent than histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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