38 Questions
What type of reaction is hydrolytic rancidity an example of?
Hydrolysis reaction
What is the site of the reaction in oxidative rancidity?
Fatty acid's double bond
What are the toxic products produced in fat rancidity?
Aldehydes, ketones, and acids
How can hydrolytic rancidity be prevented?
By refrigeration and vacuum
What is the purpose of the copper acetate test?
To detect free hydrolyzed fatty acids
What is the byproduct of glycerol when concentrated sulphuric acid is added?
Acroline
What is the effect of fat rancidity on fat-soluble vitamins?
It destroys them
What is the purpose of adding antioxidants to food?
To prevent oxidative rancidity
What is the specific gravity of triglycerides?
Less than 1
What is the purpose of hydrogenation in triglycerides?
To add hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids
What is the significance of iodine number in fats and oils?
It determines the degree of unsaturation
What is the result of hydrolysis of triglycerides?
Formation of fatty acids and glycerol
What is the purpose of saponification number?
To determine the average molecular weight of fatty acids
What is the significance of saponification number in testing the purity of butter?
It determines the concentration of volatile fatty acids
What is the role of nickel in hydrogenation?
Catalyst
What is the result of halogenation of triglycerides?
Formation of halogens and fatty acids
What is the primary characteristic of saturated fatty acids?
They contain no double bonds.
Which fatty acid is commonly found in olive oil?
Oleic acid
Which molecule is part of simple lipids?
Alcohol
What is the general formula for unsaturated fatty acids?
CnH2n-1COOH
Palmitoleic acid is an example of which type of fatty acid?
Mono unsaturated
Which of these solvents can dissolve lipids?
Ether
In which oils is lauric acid commonly found?
Coconut oil and palm kernel oil
Lipids serve as a source of energy that yields how many calories per gram?
9 Cal/g
Which fatty acid is found in cerebrosides?
Lignoceric acid
In which plants can you find linoleic acid?
Corn and peanut
What is the primary storage form of fats in adipose tissue?
Triacylglycerol
Which lipid acts as a thermal insulator against cold when stored under the skin?
Fat
What important compound used in the synthesis of cholesterol is derived from lipids?
Acetyl-CoA
What type of lipid is involved in the transport of lipids in the blood?
Lipoproteins
Which fatty acid is categorized under polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with 3 double bonds?
α-Linolenic acid
What is the fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet because it cannot be synthesized in the body?
Arachidonic acid
Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes?
Lipoxygenase (LOX)
What is the fatty acid described as having 20 carbons and 5 double bonds?
Timnodonic acid
Which of the following is NOT a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)?
Stearic acid
Which essential fatty acid is a precursor of eicosanoids?
Arachidonic acid
Which nonessential fatty acid can be synthesized in the body?
Palmitoleic acid
What disease is caused by a deficiency in essential fatty acids?
Phrynoderma
This lecture covers the definition, structure, and biological importance of lipids, including their functions in the diet and human body.
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