Lipids and Adipose Tissue Overview

Study Notes

Adipose tissue is the primary storage site for fat in the body, primarily in the form of triglycerides.
Adipose tissue is also found in the skin, where it acts as a thermal insulator against cold.
Shellac wax is used in dentistry, particularly for partial denture production.

Complex lipids are derived from simple lipids and contain additional groups like phosphate, nitrogenous bases, and proteins.
Complex lipids have both hydrophilic (polar head) and hydrophobic (glycerol) components.
In diabetes mellitus, the metabolism of fatty acids and lipoproteins is disrupted, leading to ketosis.

Lipids play crucial roles in various biological processes.
Structural Components: Lipids form cell membranes and myelin sheaths, providing structural integrity.
Energy Storage: Triglycerides are the major energy storage form in the body.
Hormones: Some hormones, like steroid hormones, are derived from lipids.
Insulation: Subcutaneous fat acts as a thermal insulator.

Proteins are complex macromolecules made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Proteins have diverse functions in the body:
- Transport: Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood.
- Enzymes: Catalyze chemical reactions within the body.
- Defense: Immunoglobulins (antibodies) provide immune defense.
- Hormones: Insulin and other hormones regulate various bodily functions.
- Structural Components: α-keratin is found in hair and epidermis, providing structural support.

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules that carry genetic information in living organisms.
Two main types of nucleic acids:
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA): Carries the genetic code for protein synthesis and inheritance.
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): Involved in protein synthesis, translation, and gene regulation.
Location of nucleic acids:
- Eukaryotic Cells: Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts.
- Prokaryotic Cells: Cytoplasm (not enclosed within membranes).