Lipid Metabolism and Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary causes of dyslipidemia?

  • Lifestyle choices
  • Genetic disorders (correct)
  • Dietary fats
  • Infections

    • What is the threshold level for elevated triglyceride levels?

  • > 250 mg/dL
  • > 100 mg/dL
  • > 200 mg/dL (correct)
  • > 150 mg/dL

    • Which demographic is at a higher risk for developing dyslipidemia?

  • Men over 40 years (correct)
  • Women in their 20s
  • Children
  • Teenagers

    • What effect does ApoC-II have in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Activates lipoprotein lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a secondary cause of dyslipidemia?

    <p>Familial hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the PCSK9 gene in dyslipidemia?

    <p>Controls the degradation of LDL receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes stable plaque in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Generous fibrous cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor is associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lipoproteins in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Absorb and transport dietary lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for reverse cholesterol transport?

    <p>High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is defined by elevated blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or lipoproteins?

    <p>Dyslipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Chylomicrons primarily composed of?

    <p>Triglycerides and cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)?

    <p>Hydrolyze triglycerides for fatty acid release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lipoproteins is known for its role in transporting lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues?

    <p>Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hyperlipoproteinemia?

    <p>Elevated levels of LDL and VLDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipoprotein is primarily involved in lipid digestion and absorption?

    <p>Chylomicrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lipid Metabolism

    • Fats are crucial for diet; they enhance taste and texture, serve as a primary energy source, and facilitate the absorption of essential vitamins.
    • Fats can be converted to other important molecules such as prostaglandins.

    Lipoprotein Overview

    • Lipoproteins are complex particles with a hydrophobic core of non-polar lipids, essential for lipid transport in the body.
    • Functions include:
      • Absorption and transport of dietary lipids in the small intestine.
      • Transporting lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues.
      • Facilitating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues back to the liver and intestine.

    Lipid Digestion

    • Chylomicrons are large particles containing triglycerides and cholesterol, surrounded by a phospholipid membrane with apolipoproteins for solubility in body fluids.
    • Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) is crucial for hydrolyzing triglycerides, enabling the release of free fatty acids.

    Dyslipidemia

    • Characterized by abnormal blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or lipoproteins, leading to hyperlipidemia.
    • Major types include:
      • Hyperlipidemia (HLD): Refers to elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, or lipoproteins.
      • Hypercholesterolemia: Total cholesterol levels exceed 200 mg/dL.
      • Hypertriglyceridemia: Elevated triglycerides above 150 mg/dL.
    • Prevalence is higher with age, and men are more affected than women.
    • It is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis.

    Causes of Dyslipidemia

    • Primary (Familial): Resulting from polygenic inheritance.
    • Secondary (Acquired): Associated with:
      • Lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.
      • Systemic illnesses including diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism.
      • Certain medications like thiazide diuretics and oral estrogens.

    Atherosclerosis

    • The fatty streak phase includes the adhesion of blood leukocytes to activated endothelial cells.
    • During plaque progression, a fibrous cap forms, composed of smooth muscle cells, collagen, proteoglycans, and elastin, leading to stable plaques.
    • Smooth muscle cells migrate and stimulate extracellular matrix production, further contributing to plaque stability.

    Fredrickson Classification of Inherited Hyperlipidemias

    • Type I HLP: Deficiency in ApoC-II, affecting the activity of lipoprotein lipase and triglyceride hydrolysis.
    • Type II HLP: Involves Apolipoprotein B-100, essential for VLDL assembly and secretion, with the PCSK9 gene regulating cholesterol levels.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on lipid metabolism and lipid disorders with this quiz. Covering topics such as lipoprotein classes, lipid digestion, and dyslipidemia, this quiz is designed for students in the Department of Pathology. Prepare to explore various lipid disorders and the Fredrickson classification.

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