Lipid Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main consequence of hypercholesterolemia?

  • Plaque buildup in arteries (correct)
  • Increased HDL levels
  • Elevated triglycerides
  • Decreased waist circumference

Which of the following diseases is characterized by extremely low HDL levels and enlarged orange-colored tonsils?

  • Familial Hypercholesterolemia
  • Dysbetalipoproteinemia
  • Tangier Disease (correct)
  • Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia

What condition is associated with a genetic absence or deficiency of lipoprotein lipase?

  • Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
  • Hypertriglyceridemia (correct)
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Dysbetalipoproteinemia

What increases the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with elevated triglyceride levels?

<p>Hyperlipidemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis?

<p>Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of familial hypercholesterolemia?

<p>Extremely high LDL levels resulting in heart disease risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III)?

<p>It results from a defect in apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a specifically high risk of acute pancreatitis due to lipid levels?

<p>Hypertriglyceridemia resulting from lipoprotein lipase deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia?

<p>Eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elevation is characteristic of Hyperlipidemia?

<p>Elevation of triglycerides and cholesterol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypercholesterolemia

High levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

Low HDL cholesterol levels.

Hypertriglyceridemia

High levels of triglycerides in the blood.

Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency

A genetic condition causing extremely high triglycerides.

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Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia

Elevated chylomicrons and VLDL; causing eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis

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LDL Receptor Defect

A genetic condition where the body lacks or has defective LDL receptors, leading to an inability to clear LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.

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Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A hereditary condition characterized by extremely high LDL cholesterol levels due to a defect in LDL receptors.

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Tangier Disease

A rare genetic disorder causing extremely low HDL levels, leading to enlarged, orange-colored tonsils.

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Study Notes

Lipid Disorders

  • Hypercholesterolemia (Increased LDL): Leads to plaque buildup in arteries, raising heart disease risk. Familial Hypercholesterolemia results from a genetic LDL receptor defect, causing extremely high LDL levels.

  • Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (Decreased HDL): Characterized by low HDL levels. Tangier Disease is a specific type, marked by extremely low HDL, swollen, orange tonsils.

  • Hypertriglyceridemia (Increased Triglycerides): Elevated triglycerides and cholesterol, increasing pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease risk. Hyperlipidemia encompasses elevated levels, and Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency causes extremely high triglycerides, potentially triggering acute pancreatitis due to a missing or deficient lipoprotein lipase enzyme.

  • Hyperlipoproteinemia (Increased Lipoproteins): Includes various types. Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia features elevated chylomicrons and VLDL, resulting in eruptive xanthomas and lipemia retinalis. Type III (Dysbetalipoproteinemia) involves a defect in apolipoprotein E (Apo-E), leading to LDL accumulation, palmar xanthomas, and early atherosclerosis.

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