Linguistics and Note-Taking Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the process where a derived form is longer than the base root called?

Back-formation (correct)

Morphology

Affixation

Derivation

The study of sounds used in language is called phonetics.

True

What serves as the powerhouse of speech production?

The lungs

The organs used in the production of speech sounds are known as the ______ organs.

articulatory Signup and view all the answers

Match the organs of speech with their functions:

Lungs = Powerhouse of speech production Tongue = Shapes sounds and assists in articulation Teeth = Aid in producing certain phonemes Larynx = Contains the vocal cords for sound production Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step you should take before starting to write notes during a lecture?

Understand the speaker's points Signup and view all the answers

Using too many abbreviations in your notes can make them difficult to understand.

True Signup and view all the answers

What should you write down in your notes?

The major points of the lecture Signup and view all the answers

Using __________ in note-taking can help save time and space.

abbreviations Signup and view all the answers

Match the abbreviation with its meaning:

i.e. = that is b/c = because sgm = symbol BrE = British English Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol is used to represent 'not equals to'?

≠ Signup and view all the answers

Leaving wide margins in your notes is unnecessary.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name one symbol that can be used in note-taking.

Any one of the following: =, &, ≠, ©, >, @, <, *, √, TM, %, N, €, #, X, ∑ Signup and view all the answers

What type of morpheme cannot stand alone and must be attached to a free morpheme?

Bound morphemes Signup and view all the answers

Derivational morphemes change the lexical word class of the root they attach to.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a root morpheme in word formation?

The root morpheme serves as the nucleus to which other morphemes are added. Signup and view all the answers

The process of adding morphemes before or after a root to create new words is known as __________.

affixation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their corresponding morpheme types:

s = Inflectional ish = Derivational ly = Derivational ed = Inflectional Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme?

-s Signup and view all the answers

Blackboard consists of one morpheme.

False Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a derivational morpheme that changes a verb to a noun.

teacher (from teach) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: Use of English
Course code: GST 101A
Semester: First
Level: 1000
Institution: Gallant 4 SUG

Course Outline - Language

Language is arbitrary
Language is conventional
Language is dynamic
Language is systematic
Language is not instinctive

Course Outline - Reading

Scanning reading
Skimming reading
Extensive reading
Intensive reading

Course Outline - Listening Skills

Dictionary & its uses
General dictionaries
Specialized dictionaries

Course Outline - Word Formation/Building & Processes

Morpheme
Derivational & inflectional morpheme
Affixation
Compounding
Conversion

Course Outline - Outlining

Course Outline - Writing & Speaking Skills

Narrative essay writing
Descriptive essay writing
Expository essay writing
Argumentative essay writing
Letter writing

Reading and Types of Reading

Reading is a communication process where the reader tries to understand the writer's ideas
Reading involves skills like visualizing, interpreting graphemes, symbols, and more
Different reading approaches include skimming, scanning, extensive reading, and reading for specific purposes
Reading effectiveness depends on the reader's knowledge of the language's alphabets and phonemes

Factors Affecting Effective Reading/Faulty Reading Habits

Finger pointing habit: tracing the print with hands
Vocalized reading: reading aloud
Reading under the influence of alcohol
Regression: moving back while reading
Reading in poor positions: reading while standing or lying in bed

Listening Skills

Listening is a primary language skill essential for communication
Definitions of listening from various sources
Listening involves actively decoding, understanding and interpreting sounds or messages
Effective listening requires focusing on important information, especially in academic settings

Types of Listening

One-way listening: focused listening to learn
Two-way listening: interactive and involved dialogue

Factors Affecting Effective Listening

External factors: noisy environments or unfamiliar vocabulary or jargon-filled messages
Listener's internal factors: attitudes, personal concerns, biases, and bad habits

Writing and Types of Writing

Writing is a process of using characters, symbols, and sounds to communicate
It's a literacy skill that can be improved through practice.
Writing involves stages including pre-writing activities; writing the draft; editing to proofread and make sure errors are free.

Characteristics of Good Writing

Good organization
Accurate expression of meaning (coherence and clarity)
Conciseness in using words (avoiding verbosity)
Simplicity in the style

Types of Writing

Narrative: presents accounts of events, characters, and actions
Descriptive: describes events, objects, people or personalities using imagery and details
Argumentative: presents opinions, analyses, debates to show viewpoints
Expository: explains a subject matter, process, ideas, concepts and terms clearly and logically

Features of a Formal Letter

Format: writer's address, date
Indented or block format

Basic Skills Needed for Effective Writing

Clarity: clear expression without ambiguity
Economy: managing words/phrases, proper proportion
Accuracy: precise use of grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary
Simplicity: avoidance of overly complex language

Note Taking and Note Making

Note taking is writing down key points during lectures, readings, or discussions
Note making is creating summaries or analysis of info
Effective note-taking involves selecting relevant info from a lecture
Note-making helps to study/review and remember info
Good notes can be created using symbols, abbreviations, consistent headings, and margins.

Outlining

Outlining is a method for representing content and structure
It includes main ideas, secondary ideas, and sub-divisions
Outlining helps to arrange ideas logically and clearly for reading and revision

The Dictionary and Its Uses

A dictionary is a collection of words organized alphabetically and contains definitions, synonyms, etymology, and origins
Dictionaries may be general or specialized covering specific fields
Dictionary uses include finding meanings, synonyms, antonyms, the parts of speech of words, etymology, pronunciation, usage.

Speaking Skills

Speaking and speech involve using sounds for expression
Speech organs facilitate meaningful sounds.
Speech is complex with tones, articulators and intonation
The organs of speech include lungs, glottis, soft palate, hard palate, tongue, teeth, lips, nasal and oral cavities
Articulatory organs are used to produce speech

Classification of Speech Sounds

English sounds are categorized by their production (e.g. manner, place, state of glottis):
Plosives, Fricatives, Affricates, Nasals and Approximants (also called Semivowels) etc.

Syllables

English language is made up of sounds or components (Syllalbes) which include Onset, Peak, and Coda
These components combine to make up words

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in linguistics, including phonetics, morphemes, and the functions of speech organs. Additionally, it addresses effective note-taking strategies, such as the use of abbreviations and symbols. Test your understanding of these essential topics!