2_Nochlin's Essay
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Questions and Answers

What is considered the first major work of feminist art history?

  • The methodological approach for the discipline
  • Maura Reilly's work on feminist art history
  • The Linda Nochlin Reader (2015)
  • Linda Nochlin’s “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.” (1971) (correct)
  • How did Maura Reilly describe Linda Nochlin’s work?

  • A paradigm shift within the discipline of art history
  • A dryly humored analysis of artistic values
  • A dramatic feminist rallying cry (correct)
  • A methodological approach for the discipline
  • What did Linda Nochlin's essay, “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.”, precipitate?

  • A global scale of feminist art
  • A methodological approach for the discipline
  • A dramatic feminist rallying cry
  • A paradigm shift within the discipline of art history (correct)
  • Where did Linda Nochlin grow up?

    <p>Crown Heights, Brooklyn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the late 19th century, women were excluded from which type of classes?

    <p>Life drawing classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which woman artist was represented as an effigy in a group portrait due to the presence of a nude male model?

    <p>Angelica Kaufmann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did etiquette guides and literature of the time portray painting as for women?

    <p>A modest, proficient hobby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who specialized in equine and bovine scenes and wore trousers to study animals?

    <p>Rosa Bonheur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which successful French women artists were often pitted against each other and subjected to rumors?

    <p>Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun and Adélaïde Labille-Guiard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who felt the need to justify her unconventional artistic choices and appearance?

    <p>Rosa Bonheur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most extraordinary feature of Nochlin’s essay?

    <p>Its encouragement of a multi-disciplinary approach to art history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event marked the year 1970 for the Women’s Liberation movement?

    <p>Passing of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the US House</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immediate reaction to Nochlin’s article in ArtNews?

    <p>Decidedly mixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did de Kooning and Drexler have markedly different reactions to?

    <p>Including women in exhibitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin’s essay inspire countless artists and scholars to do?

    <p>Embark on their own fields of inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Eleanor Heartney's 2015 tribute to Nochlin's essay suggest about its relevance?

    <p>It highlights sad things about contemporary culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do feminist art historians view feminist art history?

    <p>As not having a monolithic methodology but as having different feminist art histories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common maxim generally held to be true about feminist art history?

    <p>There is no such thing as a feminist art history, rather there are feminist art histories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' stands as one of the first major strides into what discipline?

    <p>Post-structuralist rejection of binary oppositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' inspired a discourse on what kind of discrimination?

    <p>'Structural and systemic' discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the seminar that Griselda Pollock restructured to focus on The Image of Women in the 19th and 20th Centuries?

    <p>Art 364b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Griselda Pollock earn her PhD in art history?

    <p>New York University's Institute of Fine Arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Griselda Pollock's essay 'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' first published?

    <p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the 1801 portrait featured in the ArtNews issue with Griselda Pollock's essay?

    <p>Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d’Ognes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the seminar that Griselda Pollock restructured in the late 1960s?

    <p>The Image of Women in the 19th and 20th Centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Griselda Pollock begin teaching art history in the late 1960s?

    <p>Vassar College</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock was inspired by which literature?

    <p>Second-wave feminist literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock covered the ongoing need for which field of study?

    <p>Feminist art history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock argued against which commonplace assumption?

    <p>The white, Western male viewpoint is the accepted viewpoint in art history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock believed that feminist art history could serve as a catalyst for questioning fundamental assumptions in which fields?

    <p>Various fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock argued that feminist art history should be seen as an ongoing project, requiring thorough investigation into what aspects?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin criticize in art history?

    <p>The use of terms like 'genius' and 'great'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin reject the values of?

    <p>Greatness and genius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin observe about stories of artistic discovery?

    <p>They reflect and perpetuate attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was considered an essential artistic skill in the Renaissance through to the 19th century?

    <p>Drawing the nude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin attribute patterns in subject matter to?

    <p>Sociological factors, artistic expectations, or personal predilection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin focus on in the latter half of the essay?

    <p>Institutional exclusion and treatment of women artists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin criticize the terms 'genius' and 'great' for being loaded with?

    <p>Unquestioned, often unconscious, meta-historical premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Nochlin reject due to their disregard for historical or sociological context and their patriarchal bias?

    <p>'Greatness' and 'genius'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the seminar that Griselda Pollock restructured to focus on?

    <p>Art 364b: The Image of Women in the 19th and 20th Centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Griselda Pollock earn her PhD in art history?

    <p>New York University's Institute of Fine Arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the seminar that Griselda Pollock restructured in the late 1960s?

    <p>The Image of Women in the 19th and 20th Centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Griselda Pollock's essay 'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' first published?

    <p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' stands as one of the first major strides into what discipline?

    <p>Feminist Art History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' by Griselda Pollock argued against which commonplace assumption?

    <p>The white, Western male viewpoint is the accepted viewpoint in art history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' inspired a discourse on what kind of discrimination?

    <p>Discrimination against women artists in art history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?' by Griselda Pollock believed that feminist art history could serve as a catalyst for questioning fundamental assumptions in which fields?

    <p>Various fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists.' covered the ongoing need for which field of study?

    <p>Feminist Art History</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Women were excluded from life drawing classes until late 19th century.

    • When women were admitted, they were often supervised by men and models were draped.

    • Angelica Kaufmann, an exceptional woman artist, was represented as an effigy in a group portrait due to the presence of a nude male model.

    • Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun and Adélaïde Labille-Guiard were two successful French women artists, often pitted against each other and subjected to rumors.

    • Many successful women artists were daughters of artist fathers or had close personal connections with dominant male artistic figures.

    • In the 19th century, women began to assert their independence in art, leading to the stereotype of "the lady painter."

    • Etiquette guides and literature of the time portrayed painting as a modest, proficient hobby for women, which perpetuated patriarchal advantages.

    • Rosa Bonheur, one of the most successful women painters, specialized in equine and bovine scenes and wore trousers to study animals.

    • Bonheur's career coincided with the decline of history painting and the rise of middle-class patronage.

    • Bonheur felt the need to justify her unconventional artistic choices and appearance, creating a psychoanalytic approach to art history by scrutinizing her attitudes.

    • In 2015, artist and historian Griselda Pollock (Nochlin) discussed her experience at a women's college in a 2015 interview, stating women had equal opportunities as there were no gendered margins.

    • Nochlin earned a master's degree in English literature from Columbia University in 1952 and her PhD in art history from New York University's Institute of Fine Arts in 1965.

    • In the late 1960s, Nochlin began teaching art history at Vassar College. Her life-changing encounter with second-wave feminist literature helped shape her perspective.

    • Nochlin restructured her upcoming seminar, "Art 364b," to focus on The Image of Women in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Topics included 'Woman as angel and devil,' 'Pornography and sexual imagery,' and 'The theme of the prostitute.'

    • Nochlin's essay "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?" was first published in ArtNews in 1971, following her research with students and inspiration from feminist literature.

    • The ArtNews issue featuring Nochlin's essay covered an 1801 portrait of "Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d’Ognes," which was later reattributed multiple times, and emphasized the ongoing need for feminist art history.

    • Nochlin argued that feminist art history should not be seen as a mere corrective but as an ongoing project, requiring thorough investigation into provenance, history, and reasons for misattribution and neglect.

    • Nochlin believed that feminist art history could serve as a catalyst for questioning fundamental assumptions, providing links to other radical approaches in various fields.

    • Nochlin argued against the commonplace assumption that the white, Western male viewpoint is the accepted viewpoint in art history, and saw her mission as proving this perspective to be objectionable on moral, ethical, and intellectual grounds.

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    Explore Linda Nochlin's thought-provoking essay and her curation of high-profile exhibitions featuring work by women artists. Learn about the controversies surrounding her views and the impact of her exhibitions on art history.

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