Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a report of a thorough examination?
What is the purpose of a report of a thorough examination?
Verification procedures for lifting equipment ensure that it meets what criteria?
Verification procedures for lifting equipment ensure that it meets what criteria?
Which document is used to confirm lifting equipment is fit for continued use?
Which document is used to confirm lifting equipment is fit for continued use?
What is the term used to describe the generic procedures for checking lifting equipment?
What is the term used to describe the generic procedures for checking lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of markets require an EC or UK declaration of conformity?
What type of markets require an EC or UK declaration of conformity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a verification procedure for lifting equipment?
Which of the following is NOT a verification procedure for lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What document may be appended to a report of a thorough examination?
What document may be appended to a report of a thorough examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What was previously known as a 'birth certificate' for older lifting equipment?
What was previously known as a 'birth certificate' for older lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What must a competent person be able to certify regarding lifting equipment?
What must a competent person be able to certify regarding lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of inspection mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of inspection mentioned?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is responsible for carrying out the pre-use inspection?
Who is responsible for carrying out the pre-use inspection?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggers the need for an interim inspection?
What triggers the need for an interim inspection?
Signup and view all the answers
What should a user do if they find a defect during a pre-use inspection?
What should a user do if they find a defect during a pre-use inspection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of the interim inspection?
What is the focus of the interim inspection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required before lifting equipment can be made available for service after detecting a defect?
What is required before lifting equipment can be made available for service after detecting a defect?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the competent person is true?
Which statement about the competent person is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of heating in metal heat treatment?
What is the primary function of heating in metal heat treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process is typically used to soften a material after cold working?
Which process is typically used to soften a material after cold working?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of stress on lifting equipment?
What is the effect of stress on lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
During the heat treatment of steel, which two processes are commonly performed?
During the heat treatment of steel, which two processes are commonly performed?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to a material when it undergoes tempering?
What happens to a material when it undergoes tempering?
Signup and view all the answers
How is stress calculated in lifting equipment?
How is stress calculated in lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is strain in relation to lifting equipment?
What is strain in relation to lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a result of the heat treatment process?
Which of the following is NOT a result of the heat treatment process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum breaking load?
What is the minimum breaking load?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines multipurpose equipment?
What defines multipurpose equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by rated capacity?
What is meant by rated capacity?
Signup and view all the answers
Who applies proof loads during testing?
Who applies proof loads during testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes single purpose equipment?
What characterizes single purpose equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a report of test?
What is a report of test?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenarios are proof load tests required?
In what scenarios are proof load tests required?
Signup and view all the answers
Which document cannot legally allow equipment to be used on its own?
Which document cannot legally allow equipment to be used on its own?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the mode factor determine for a sling?
What does the mode factor determine for a sling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mode factor for a two-leg sling at an angle of 0°-45° to the vertical?
What is the mode factor for a two-leg sling at an angle of 0°-45° to the vertical?
Signup and view all the answers
If a single leg sling has a WLL of 2t, what is the maximum load for two identical slings at an angle of 0-45°?
If a single leg sling has a WLL of 2t, what is the maximum load for two identical slings at an angle of 0-45°?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the design factor for a three or four leg sling at an angle of 45°-60° to the vertical?
What is the design factor for a three or four leg sling at an angle of 45°-60° to the vertical?
Signup and view all the answers
What mathematical approach is suggested for establishing SWLs at various angles?
What mathematical approach is suggested for establishing SWLs at various angles?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the mode factor for sling angles derived?
How is the mode factor for sling angles derived?
Signup and view all the answers
For a single leg sling with a WLL of 2t, if used incorrectly at an angle of over 60°, what should be considered?
For a single leg sling with a WLL of 2t, if used incorrectly at an angle of over 60°, what should be considered?
Signup and view all the answers
What application is the empirical method primarily used for in sling assembly calculations?
What application is the empirical method primarily used for in sling assembly calculations?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs at the ultimate breaking point in a tensile test?
What occurs at the ultimate breaking point in a tensile test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic differentiates ductile materials from brittle materials during tensile testing?
Which characteristic differentiates ductile materials from brittle materials during tensile testing?
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of loading condition do forces act across a material in two areas?
In which type of loading condition do forces act across a material in two areas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which example represents a tension loading condition?
Which example represents a tension loading condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key feature of shear loading?
What is a key feature of shear loading?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when a ductile material reaches its maximum tensile stress?
What happens when a ductile material reaches its maximum tensile stress?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best defines a unit of measure?
Which of the following best defines a unit of measure?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of force is represented by a jack body under load?
What type of force is represented by a jack body under load?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about brittle materials is correct?
Which of the following statements about brittle materials is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during torsion loading?
What occurs during torsion loading?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a ductile material from a brittle material when subjected to tensile stress?
What distinguishes a ductile material from a brittle material when subjected to tensile stress?
Signup and view all the answers
During a tensile test, what occurs between the points of maximum load and ultimate breaking?
During a tensile test, what occurs between the points of maximum load and ultimate breaking?
Signup and view all the answers
In shear loading conditions, how are forces applied to a material?
In shear loading conditions, how are forces applied to a material?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the point of ultimate breaking in a tensile test?
What is the role of the point of ultimate breaking in a tensile test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes compression in loading conditions?
Which of the following best describes compression in loading conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a brittle material under stress?
What characterizes a brittle material under stress?
Signup and view all the answers
How does torsion differ from other loading conditions?
How does torsion differ from other loading conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of necking observed in ductile materials during a tensile test?
What is the effect of necking observed in ductile materials during a tensile test?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'unit of measure' refer to?
What does the term 'unit of measure' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary distinction between Safe Working Load (SWL) and Working Load Limit (WLL)?
What is the primary distinction between Safe Working Load (SWL) and Working Load Limit (WLL)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes how SWL is communicated on lifting equipment?
Which statement accurately describes how SWL is communicated on lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
In what ways do 'rated capacity' and 'maximum SWL' differ?
In what ways do 'rated capacity' and 'maximum SWL' differ?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these terms is synonymous with 'specific application load' in some regions?
Which of these terms is synonymous with 'specific application load' in some regions?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the relationship between WLL and SWL typically characterized?
How is the relationship between WLL and SWL typically characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of a proof load test in relation to lifting accessories?
What is the significance of a proof load test in relation to lifting accessories?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary angle reference now recommended for rating multi-leg slings?
What is the primary angle reference now recommended for rating multi-leg slings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best describes the maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to safely lift?
Which term best describes the maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to safely lift?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the built-in safety feature of the Uniform Load Method?
What is the built-in safety feature of the Uniform Load Method?
Signup and view all the answers
What can lead to confusion among practitioners regarding SWL and WLL?
What can lead to confusion among practitioners regarding SWL and WLL?
Signup and view all the answers
At which angle does the Uniform Load Method start to reduce the working load limit?
At which angle does the Uniform Load Method start to reduce the working load limit?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method of rating slings is no longer recommended by LEEA COPSULE?
Which method of rating slings is no longer recommended by LEEA COPSULE?
Signup and view all the answers
Which regions use the angle of the sling leg to the horizontal for rating purposes?
Which regions use the angle of the sling leg to the horizontal for rating purposes?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be considered if a sling is used incorrectly at an angle exceeding 60°?
What should be considered if a sling is used incorrectly at an angle exceeding 60°?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of the Trigonometric Method in sling rating?
What is a characteristic of the Trigonometric Method in sling rating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between the two methods of rating slings?
What is the main difference between the two methods of rating slings?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for performing a bend test on welds?
What is the primary reason for performing a bend test on welds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a crucial consideration when marking lifting equipment?
What is a crucial consideration when marking lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the angle of multi-leg slings affect the load in individual sling legs?
How does the angle of multi-leg slings affect the load in individual sling legs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if the original means of marking an item of lifting equipment becomes detached?
What should be done if the original means of marking an item of lifting equipment becomes detached?
Signup and view all the answers
When might it become necessary to re-mark lifting equipment?
When might it become necessary to re-mark lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of materials that exhibit ductility?
What is the main characteristic of materials that exhibit ductility?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an advisable practice when stamping lifting equipment?
What is an advisable practice when stamping lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
During a bend test, what characteristic is primarily evaluated?
During a bend test, what characteristic is primarily evaluated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for conducting a thorough examination of lifting equipment?
What is the main reason for conducting a thorough examination of lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best defines a lifting appliance?
Which of the following best defines a lifting appliance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true regarding lifting accessories during inspections?
Which statement is true regarding lifting accessories during inspections?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to note repairs during a thorough examination?
Why is it important to note repairs during a thorough examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What could potentially happen if lifting equipment is not regularly inspected?
What could potentially happen if lifting equipment is not regularly inspected?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is least likely to be a function of inspecting lifting equipment?
Which of the following is least likely to be a function of inspecting lifting equipment?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenario would lifting accessories not be subject to national lifting equipment inspection legislation?
In what scenario would lifting accessories not be subject to national lifting equipment inspection legislation?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a lifting accessory in the context of lifting operations?
What defines a lifting accessory in the context of lifting operations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most commonly used test method for measuring hardness in the lifting equipment industry?
What is the most commonly used test method for measuring hardness in the lifting equipment industry?
Signup and view all the answers
During a Charpy impact test, how is the amount of energy absorbed measured?
During a Charpy impact test, how is the amount of energy absorbed measured?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Izod impact test primarily measure?
What does the Izod impact test primarily measure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about the bend test is true?
Which of the following statements about the bend test is true?
Signup and view all the answers
Which material property is primarily assessed through the Charpy V-notch test?
Which material property is primarily assessed through the Charpy V-notch test?
Signup and view all the answers
In the impact testing methods, what is the primary purpose of comparing three specimens at any one temperature?
In the impact testing methods, what is the primary purpose of comparing three specimens at any one temperature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which test method is known for being used as a quick quality control check for material toughness?
Which test method is known for being used as a quick quality control check for material toughness?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following methods is NOT included among the basic impact testing methods?
Which of the following methods is NOT included among the basic impact testing methods?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Foundation Certificate (FOU) (Global) Workbook
- This course provides essential underpinning knowledge for those wanting to study for Diploma qualifications.
- Successful completion of the course allows students to outline legislative requirements of the lifting equipment industry, and best practices for specific lifting equipment use.
- Students will be able to identify different lifting equipment, describe materials and manufacturing methods, and how manufacturers verify equipment.
- Topic areas covered: legislation, regulations, standards and best practice relating to lifting equipment, definitions, controlling risks, materials science, units of measure, basic machines, manufacturers' verification, rating of lifting equipment, types of lifting equipment.
Legislation and Regulations
- Legal frameworks establish systems of rules for decision-making, agreements, and laws relating to the lifting equipment industry.
- Employer responsibility for health and safety is paramount but employees also have responsibilities under health and safety law.
- Moral duty of care for employees rests with the employer.
- Unsuitable working conditions impact production, morale, motivation, sales, and profitability.
- Financial implications of health and safety breaches include fines, damages, legal costs, and insurance.
- Common elements of lifting equipment legislation exist worldwide.
- Health and Safety at Work Act (UK) is a primary piece of legislation.
- Australian WHS Act follows a similar framework
- The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (USA) is a notable example.
Codes of Practice and Best Practice
- Codes of Practice (ACoPs) detail how to comply with legal requirements relating to health and safety.
- ACoPs are issued by relevant authorities, through consultation with stakeholders and trade associations, and accompany health and safety regulations.
- ACoP's do not constitute a legally binding requirement but may be used to support legal evidence of a regulation breach.
- Common Code of Practice in lifting equipment industry is the guide to the application of the Machinery Directive.
Industry Relevant Definitions
- Duty Holder: The person responsible for lifting equipment (usually the employer or self-employed person).
- Competent Person: A person with the knowledge, experience, training, skills, and ability to perform specific duties.
Standards
- Standards are published specifications that set common languages, criteria, and guidelines for various products and services.
- Standards aid material, product, method, and service consistency, increasing reliability and productivity.
- Compliance demonstrates conformity and holds quasi-legal status.
Common Elements of Lifting Equipment, Worldwide
- All nations have national legislative requirements pertaining to lifting equipment.
- Previous versions of the LEEA Foundation Certificate focused on UK legislative frameworks.
- Key organizations: ISO, BSI, ASME.
Creating Standards
- Standards are usually created by a collective of subject-matter experts working together as a committee.
- Key stages: discussion, draft, comments, publication.
Factor of Safety and Inspection & Lifting Equipment
- Factor of Safety (FOS): A measure of redundancy built into components to account for accidental overload and deterioration.
- Three levels of inspection will be considered for the course (pre-use inspection, interim inspection, and thorough examination).
Lifting Equipment
- Terminology for lifting equipment. (Lifting Equipment, Lifting Accessories/Gear, Lifting Appliances)
Manufacturer's Certificate
- A manufacturer's certificate, record of test, or statement of conformity is required for new lifting equipment.
- Document verifies the equipment complies with required manufacturing tests and standards, including stating Working Load Limit (WLL).
Industry Relevant Definitions (Continued)
- Definitions (Minimum Breaking / Failure Load, Multipurpose Equipment, Operative, Rated Capacity, Proof/Test Load, Single-Purpose Equipment and Report of Test). Specific definitions used in relation to lifting equipment.
Risk Assessment
- Three primary reasons for assessing and managing risk: Human Harm, Legal Effects, Economic Effects.
- Consider contributing factors to accidents / ill-health in the workplace: Hazard, Danger, and Risk.
- Risk assessment methodology: Identify, Decide, Evaluate, Record, Review
Controlling Risks
- Likelihood and Severity in assessing factors for Risk.
- NET RESULT(Risk) = Likelihood x Severity
Basic Machines
- A machine is a mechanism that uses an applied force at one point to transmit to another to gain mechanical advantage for a specific purpose.
- Two main categories: simple machines(lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw), and compound machines (combinations of simple machines).
Weight and Force (F)
- Weight and force are considered equal and have the same units.
- Simple machines increase or decrease the amount of effort or work involved in a certain task.
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
- Mathematical relationship between load and effort in a machine. (MA = Load / Effort)
Velocity Ratio (VR)
- Ratio between the distance moved by the effort and the distance moved by the load in a machine. (VR = Distance Effort / Distance Load).
Efficiency (EFF)
- Efficiency measures the transfer of input energy into useful output energy, expressed as a percentage or efficiency = MA/VR x 100%
Polymers and Natural Fibres, and other materials
- Description of different materials and/or substances commonly used in lifting equipment (polymers, metals, natural fibres).
Heat Treatment
- Process of heating and cooling metals to change microstructure and create physical/mechanical characteristics for specific applications. (e.g. increasing strength, decreasing strength, toughening a material).
Stress and Strain
- Forces acting on lifting equipment when it is loaded and the relationship to material properties.
- Importance of understanding for lift testing and equipment examination.
- Definitions of stress, strain, and how stress/strain are calculated and what they represent in practical testing (Force and Area, Pressure, units). Tensile test.
- Importance of understanding the tensile test, its use, what it measures and interpreting results. definitions related to the Tensile test. (Limit of Proportionality, Elastic Limit, Yield Point, Tensile Strength, Ultimate Breaking Stress, Fracture, Brittleness, Ductility).
Types of Verification
- Various methods used to verify that lifting equipment meets specifications and legal requirements.
- Different verification methods are used depending on material, construction type (new/existing) and use.
Basic Machines and related concepts
Other Lifting Equipment, Accessories and/or Applicances
- Description of various types of lifting appliances and/or accessories.
- Details of different lifting equipment (including construction, materials, uses, and application) have been added: shackles, eyebolts, rigging screws/turnbuckles, mobile cranes, crane forks/c hooks, powered lifting machines, and offshore containers.
Different Lifting Equipment
- Description of specific types of equipment, including where and how the equipment can be used or installed for lifting purposes; and the appropriate safety considerations.
- Different types of Crane (Yard, Truck Mounted, Rough Terrain, City, All terrain and Loader Cranes), Tower Cranes, and Offshore Pedestal Cranes
- Different types and subtypes of lifting equipment accessories are also included.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the verification procedures and documentation related to lifting equipment. This quiz covers thorough examinations, declarations of conformity, and industry standards. Assess your understanding of the essential requirements for ensuring equipment safety and compliance.