Lifting Equipment Verification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a report of a thorough examination?

  • To issue a warranty for the lifting equipment
  • To advertise lifting equipment specifications
  • To certify the product for indefinite use
  • To provide results of the inspection and any defects found (correct)

Verification procedures for lifting equipment ensure that it meets what criteria?

  • Required standards, legal requirements, and operational safety (correct)
  • Market demand and customer satisfaction
  • Only the manufacturer's specifications
  • Aesthetic qualities and branding requirements

Which document is used to confirm lifting equipment is fit for continued use?

  • Manufacturer’s warranty
  • Test certificate
  • Instruction manual
  • Report of thorough examination (correct)

What is the term used to describe the generic procedures for checking lifting equipment?

<p>Verification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of markets require an EC or UK declaration of conformity?

<p>European or British markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a verification procedure for lifting equipment?

<p>Market analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document may be appended to a report of a thorough examination?

<p>Test report (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was previously known as a 'birth certificate' for older lifting equipment?

<p>Test certificates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a competent person be able to certify regarding lifting equipment?

<p>That it is free from defect and suitable for intended duty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of inspection mentioned?

<p>Periodic Inspection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for carrying out the pre-use inspection?

<p>The user of the equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the need for an interim inspection?

<p>Risk assessment determining inspection frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a user do if they find a defect during a pre-use inspection?

<p>Report the findings for further investigation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the interim inspection?

<p>Critical components that may fail before the next thorough examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required before lifting equipment can be made available for service after detecting a defect?

<p>Further investigation by inspection personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the competent person is true?

<p>They must be able to assess and certify equipment suitability confidently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of heating in metal heat treatment?

<p>To alter the physical properties of the metal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is typically used to soften a material after cold working?

<p>Annealing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on lifting equipment?

<p>It relates to the force applied before breaking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the heat treatment of steel, which two processes are commonly performed?

<p>Hardening and Tempering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a material when it undergoes tempering?

<p>It becomes tougher (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is stress calculated in lifting equipment?

<p>By dividing the force by the cross-sectional area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strain in relation to lifting equipment?

<p>The change in shape due to applied load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a result of the heat treatment process?

<p>Increase in electrical conductivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum breaking load?

<p>The load below which equipment will not fail or distort. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines multipurpose equipment?

<p>Equipment that can lift loads up to its specified SWL for various purposes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by rated capacity?

<p>The gross load that the lifting appliance can lift in any configuration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who applies proof loads during testing?

<p>A Competent Person. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes single purpose equipment?

<p>Equipment dedicated to lifting a specific load or used in a specific environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a report of test?

<p>A report detailing the specifics of a conducted test by a competent person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenarios are proof load tests required?

<p>Both new equipment verification and post-installation checks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document cannot legally allow equipment to be used on its own?

<p>Test certificate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mode factor determine for a sling?

<p>The maximum load the sling may lift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode factor for a two-leg sling at an angle of 0°-45° to the vertical?

<p>1.4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a single leg sling has a WLL of 2t, what is the maximum load for two identical slings at an angle of 0-45°?

<p>4t (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the design factor for a three or four leg sling at an angle of 45°-60° to the vertical?

<p>1.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical approach is suggested for establishing SWLs at various angles?

<p>The trigonometric method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mode factor for sling angles derived?

<p>From the cosine of the angle to the vertical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a single leg sling with a WLL of 2t, if used incorrectly at an angle of over 60°, what should be considered?

<p>The working load limit may decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What application is the empirical method primarily used for in sling assembly calculations?

<p>For calculating maximum load limits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the ultimate breaking point in a tensile test?

<p>The load increases with a decrease in stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates ductile materials from brittle materials during tensile testing?

<p>Ductile materials can undergo considerable deformation before fracturing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of loading condition do forces act across a material in two areas?

<p>Double shear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example represents a tension loading condition?

<p>A chain sling under load. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of shear loading?

<p>It consists of forces acting parallel to the material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a ductile material reaches its maximum tensile stress?

<p>It begins to yield and eventually fractures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a unit of measure?

<p>A standardized quantity of a physical property. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is represented by a jack body under load?

<p>Compression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about brittle materials is correct?

<p>They yield without noticeable deformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during torsion loading?

<p>A twisting force is applied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a ductile material from a brittle material when subjected to tensile stress?

<p>Ductile materials elongate before fracturing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a tensile test, what occurs between the points of maximum load and ultimate breaking?

<p>Stress decreases despite an increase in strain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In shear loading conditions, how are forces applied to a material?

<p>As forces acting across a material at a single area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the point of ultimate breaking in a tensile test?

<p>It indicates the maximum load sustained before fracture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes compression in loading conditions?

<p>A force that pushes or compresses the material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a brittle material under stress?

<p>It does not deform until a high level of stress is reached. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does torsion differ from other loading conditions?

<p>It exerts a twisting force around an axis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of necking observed in ductile materials during a tensile test?

<p>It increases the actual load while reducing stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'unit of measure' refer to?

<p>A standardized quantity of a physical property. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between Safe Working Load (SWL) and Working Load Limit (WLL)?

<p>WLL is based on theoretical calculations under ideal conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes how SWL is communicated on lifting equipment?

<p>SWL is marked on the equipment itself and appears in records. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do 'rated capacity' and 'maximum SWL' differ?

<p>Rated capacity is theoretically assigned load, maximum SWL is practical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms is synonymous with 'specific application load' in some regions?

<p>Safe Working Load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the relationship between WLL and SWL typically characterized?

<p>WLL is a theoretical upper limit while SWL is more practical. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a proof load test in relation to lifting accessories?

<p>It assesses the accessory's suitability before heavy lifting operations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary angle reference now recommended for rating multi-leg slings?

<p>Angle to the vertical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the maximum load that an item of lifting equipment is designed to safely lift?

<p>Working load limit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the built-in safety feature of the Uniform Load Method?

<p>Single WLL up to 45° angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to confusion among practitioners regarding SWL and WLL?

<p>The meanings of WLL and SWL are often interchangeable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which angle does the Uniform Load Method start to reduce the working load limit?

<p>45° to the vertical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of rating slings is no longer recommended by LEEA COPSULE?

<p>Included angle method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regions use the angle of the sling leg to the horizontal for rating purposes?

<p>USA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered if a sling is used incorrectly at an angle exceeding 60°?

<p>Potential for reduced safety margins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Trigonometric Method in sling rating?

<p>Considers multiple working load limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the two methods of rating slings?

<p>Uniform load method uses a single WLL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing a bend test on welds?

<p>To ensure the weld has fused properly to the parent metal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial consideration when marking lifting equipment?

<p>Marking should not impair the mechanical properties of the component. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of multi-leg slings affect the load in individual sling legs?

<p>The load in each leg increases as the angle to the vertical becomes greater. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the original means of marking an item of lifting equipment becomes detached?

<p>Additional identification markers should be used. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might it become necessary to re-mark lifting equipment?

<p>When original markings are unclear or lost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of materials that exhibit ductility?

<p>They can undergo significant plastic deformation before failure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advisable practice when stamping lifting equipment?

<p>Stamping should avoid excessively deep marks to prevent stress concentration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a bend test, what characteristic is primarily evaluated?

<p>Ductility and resistance to fracture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for conducting a thorough examination of lifting equipment?

<p>To visually check the equipment's condition for safe use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a lifting appliance?

<p>A machine that raises, lowers, or suspends a load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding lifting accessories during inspections?

<p>They must be checked as part of the lift planning process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to note repairs during a thorough examination?

<p>To maintain a repair log for regulatory compliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially happen if lifting equipment is not regularly inspected?

<p>The equipment may eventually become faulty and pose safety risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to be a function of inspecting lifting equipment?

<p>Establishing the equipment's historical performance data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would lifting accessories not be subject to national lifting equipment inspection legislation?

<p>If incorporated into the load and used as part of a lifting operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a lifting accessory in the context of lifting operations?

<p>An item that connects a load to the lifting appliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used test method for measuring hardness in the lifting equipment industry?

<p>Brinell Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a Charpy impact test, how is the amount of energy absorbed measured?

<p>By the height of a pendulum swing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Izod impact test primarily measure?

<p>The kinetic energy required to initiate fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the bend test is true?

<p>It causes a bend without the specimen breaking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material property is primarily assessed through the Charpy V-notch test?

<p>Notch toughness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the impact testing methods, what is the primary purpose of comparing three specimens at any one temperature?

<p>To determine average fracture toughness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test method is known for being used as a quick quality control check for material toughness?

<p>Izod Impact test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT included among the basic impact testing methods?

<p>Brinell test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Minimum Breaking Load

The lowest load that will cause equipment failure (fracture or distortion).

Multipurpose Equipment

Equipment designed to lift various loads, following standard specifications.

Operative

A trained person operating lifting equipment.

Rated Capacity

Maximum load a lifting appliance can carry in a specific configuration.

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Proof/Test Load

Load used to test equipment's strength and integrity.

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Single Purpose Equipment

Equipment designed specifically for one lifting task.

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Report of Test

Document detailing equipment test specifics, made by a competent person.

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Working Load Limit

Maximum safe load a lifting accessory can carry.

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Pre-use Inspection

A visual check for defects before using lifting equipment.

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Interim Inspection

Frequent inspection of critical components, determined by risk assessment.

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Thorough Examination

A detailed inspection of lifting equipment at specific intervals.

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Lifting Equipment Inspection

The process of checking lifting equipment for defects and suitability.

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Competent Person

A person qualified to inspect and certify lifting equipment.

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Risk Assessment

Determining the likelihood of a risk and evaluating its impact.

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Reporting Defects

Notifying the appropriate personnel about found issues.

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Critical Components

Parts of the equipment vital for operation and safety.

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Declaration of Conformity

A document issued by a manufacturer confirming that a product complies with relevant standards for European or British markets

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Verification of Lifting Equipment

Procedures used to ensure lifting equipment meets standards, legal requirements, and is safe for operation.

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Thorough Examination Report

A report created by a Competent Person documenting results of a thorough inspection of lifting equipment.

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Proof Load Tests

Tests conducted on lifting equipment to ascertain its ability to withstand expected loads without failure.

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Sample Break Tests

Assessment of material strength by testing a sample from a lifting component.

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Non-destructive testing (NDT)

Testing methods to asses the quality of lifting equipment without damaging it.

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Lifting Equipment Records

Documents that keep track of maintenance procedures, tests and inspections for lifting products.

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Heat treatment effect on metals

Changes the properties of metals by controlling the heating, soaking, and cooling process

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Hardening (heat treatment)

Increases the strength of a material through heat treatment

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Tempering (heat treatment)

Toughens a material by controlling cooling after hardening.

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Stress (in materials)

Force applied per unit area, causing deformation.

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Strain (in materials)

Deformation of a material due to an applied force.

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Strength (of a material)

Ability to withstand an applied force without breaking.

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Heat Treatment Stages

Heating, soaking, and cooling are used to achieve desired properties in metals.

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Material Properties Affected by Heat Treatment

Heat treatment can change material properties such as hardness, toughness, brittleness, and ductility.

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Ultimate Breaking Stress

The maximum stress a material can withstand before fracturing, although a reduction in load occurs.

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Tensile Strength

The maximum stress that a material can withstand under tension before fracturing.

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Ductile Material

A material that can withstand significant deformation before fracturing.

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Brittle Material

A material that fractures with little to no deformation.

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Single Shear

Forces acting across a material in one area.

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Double Shear

Forces acting across a material in two areas.

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Compression

A pushing force.

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Tension

A pulling force.

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Torsion

A twisting force.

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Unit of Measure

A standardized quantity of a physical property used to determine quantities of that property.

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Mode Factor

A numerical value applied to a sling's working load limit (WLL) to determine the maximum safe load it can lift based on its angle to the vertical.

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Uniform Load Method

A method for calculating the WLL of multi-leg sling assemblies by applying specific design factors based on the number of legs and their angle to the vertical.

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Trigonometric Method

A more detailed method for calculating sling WLL that uses trigonometric functions (like cosine) to account for varying angles.

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What is the mode factor for a 2-leg sling at 0° - 45° to the vertical?

The mode factor for a 2-leg sling at 0° - 45° to the vertical is 1.4.

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What is the maximum load a 2-leg sling assembly can lift if each leg has a WLL of 2 tons and the angle is 0-45°?

The maximum load is 2.8 tons. Since the mode factor for this configuration is 1.4, you multiply the WLL of a single leg (2 tons) by 1.4 (2 x 1.4 = 2.8).

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How does the mode factor affect the safe working load of a sling?

The mode factor acts as a multiplier, adjusting the WLL of a single leg sling based on its angle of use. It determines the maximum safe load the sling assembly can lift.

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Why are there different mode factors for different sling angles?

Different angles distribute the load differently across the sling legs. Smaller angles create a more balanced load with a higher mode factor, while wider angles concentrate the load, requiring a lower mode factor to ensure safety.

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How does the trigonometric method differ from the uniform load method?

The trigonometric method calculates the WLL for each specific angle using trigonometry, while the uniform load method uses fixed factors for specific angle ranges.

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Lifting Equipment

A broad term encompassing all types of lifting accessories and appliances used to raise, lower, or suspend loads.

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Lifting Accessory

A component that connects a load to a lifting appliance, such as shackles, spreader beams, and chain slings.

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Lifting Appliance

A machine designed to raise, lower, or suspend a load, such as a crane or hoist.

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Why are regular inspections important?

Regular inspections ensure the equipment is safe to use, identify defects requiring repair, and guarantee the equipment works properly.

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Inspection Regime

A planned schedule and procedures for inspecting lifting accessories, even if they are considered part of the load.

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Supply Legislation

Laws and regulations that govern the sale and distribution of lifting accessories and appliances.

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SWL

The maximum load (mass) an item of lifting equipment can safely raise, lower, or suspend under specific service conditions. It's marked on the equipment and recorded.

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WLL

The maximum load (mass) an item of lifting equipment is designed to raise, lower, or suspend. It's often used for lifting accessories.

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WLL vs SWL

WLL represents the maximum designed load, while SWL accounts for the actual safe load under specific working conditions. SWL is often lower than WLL due to factors like wear and tear.

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Why is a proof load test not a thorough examination?

A proof load test is only one part of a thorough examination. While it checks strength, it doesn't cover all aspects of the lifting equipment's safety, like wear and tear, functionality, and components.

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What does a thorough examination involve besides a proof load test?

A thorough examination involves a comprehensive visual inspection of all components, function checks, and documentation review. It ensures the equipment is safe and ready for use.

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Brinell Test

A common method used in the lifting equipment industry to measure the hardness of materials. It involves indenting a material with a steel ball and measuring the diameter of the indentation.

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Charpy Impact Test

A test that measures the energy absorbed by a material when it breaks under impact. This test is used to assess the material's notch toughness and its ability to withstand sudden shocks.

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Izod Impact Test

Similar to the Charpy test, this test measures the energy needed to fracture a material that is held in a vice. It is useful for assessing the toughness of brittle materials.

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Bend Test

A simple test that measures a material's ability to bend without breaking. This test is a qualitative assessment, meaning it provides a general understanding of the material's flexibility.

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Hardness

A material's resistance to indentation or scratching. It is an important property for lifting equipment, as it determines how well the equipment can withstand impact and wear.

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Impact

A sudden, forceful collision or shock. In lifting equipment, impact tests are essential to determine a material's resistance to sudden loads.

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Notch Toughness

A material's ability to resist fracture when it has a notch or other defect. It is crucial for lifting equipment, as these materials often have stress concentrations.

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Heat Treatment

A process used to alter the properties of metals by controlling their heating, soaking, and cooling. This process can improve hardness, strength, and toughness of the material.

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Multi-leg Sling Angle

The angle between the sling leg and the vertical, used to determine the safe working load (SWL) of the sling.

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Included Angle (of a Sling)

The angle between the legs of a multi-leg sling, often used for older sling ratings but not recommended by LEEA.

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What does 'mode factor' mean in sling safety?

A numerical value applied to the WLL of a single sling leg to determine the maximum safe load it can lift based on its angle to the vertical.

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Why is the included angle NOT the preferred method for multi-leg sling rating?

LEEA COPSULE recommends using the angle between the sling leg and the vertical, as it provides a more accurate and safer SWL calculation.

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What are the two methods for rating sling SWL?

The 'uniform load method' and the 'trigonometric method' are used for determining the safe working load of a sling.

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When is the uniform load method recommended for slings?

It's recommended for all multipurpose slings because of its built-in safety factors when the sling angle is 45° or less to the vertical.

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Bend Test Purpose for Welds

A bend test is performed on welds to ensure that the weld has properly fused to the parent metal and is free of defects that could cause it to fail under bending stress.

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Marking Lifting Equipment

Equipment should be permanently marked with identifiable information for easy identification and tracking. Marking should be by suitable means, such as plates, tabs, labels, or stamping directly into the equipment, preferably in a non-load bearing area.

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Why Mark in Non-Load Bearing Area?

Marking in a non-load bearing area is preferred to minimize stress on the equipment and avoid damage to the marking itself. However, marking in a stressed area can be permissible if it does not significantly affect the mechanical strength.

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Re-marking Lifting Equipment

Occasionally, lifting equipment may need to be re-marked, but this should be done with caution to avoid inducing stress raisers. Re-marking should be limited to selected areas to minimize detrimental effects and avoid sharp or excessively deep stamping.

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Trigonometric Load Method

A more detailed method for calculating the safe working load (WLL) of a sling assembly used at angles, accounting for varying angles using trigonometry for precise load distribution.

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Study Notes

Foundation Certificate (FOU) (Global) Workbook

  • This course provides essential underpinning knowledge for those wanting to study for Diploma qualifications.
  • Successful completion of the course allows students to outline legislative requirements of the lifting equipment industry, and best practices for specific lifting equipment use.
  • Students will be able to identify different lifting equipment, describe materials and manufacturing methods, and how manufacturers verify equipment.
  • Topic areas covered: legislation, regulations, standards and best practice relating to lifting equipment, definitions, controlling risks, materials science, units of measure, basic machines, manufacturers' verification, rating of lifting equipment, types of lifting equipment.

Legislation and Regulations

  • Legal frameworks establish systems of rules for decision-making, agreements, and laws relating to the lifting equipment industry.
  • Employer responsibility for health and safety is paramount but employees also have responsibilities under health and safety law.
  • Moral duty of care for employees rests with the employer.
  • Unsuitable working conditions impact production, morale, motivation, sales, and profitability.
  • Financial implications of health and safety breaches include fines, damages, legal costs, and insurance.
  • Common elements of lifting equipment legislation exist worldwide.
  • Health and Safety at Work Act (UK) is a primary piece of legislation.
  • Australian WHS Act follows a similar framework
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (USA) is a notable example.

Codes of Practice and Best Practice

  • Codes of Practice (ACoPs) detail how to comply with legal requirements relating to health and safety.
  • ACoPs are issued by relevant authorities, through consultation with stakeholders and trade associations, and accompany health and safety regulations.
  • ACoP's do not constitute a legally binding requirement but may be used to support legal evidence of a regulation breach.
  • Common Code of Practice in lifting equipment industry is the guide to the application of the Machinery Directive.

Industry Relevant Definitions

  • Duty Holder: The person responsible for lifting equipment (usually the employer or self-employed person).
  • Competent Person: A person with the knowledge, experience, training, skills, and ability to perform specific duties.

Standards

  • Standards are published specifications that set common languages, criteria, and guidelines for various products and services.
  • Standards aid material, product, method, and service consistency, increasing reliability and productivity.
  • Compliance demonstrates conformity and holds quasi-legal status.

Common Elements of Lifting Equipment, Worldwide

  • All nations have national legislative requirements pertaining to lifting equipment.
  • Previous versions of the LEEA Foundation Certificate focused on UK legislative frameworks.
  • Key organizations: ISO, BSI, ASME.

Creating Standards

  • Standards are usually created by a collective of subject-matter experts working together as a committee.
  • Key stages: discussion, draft, comments, publication.

Factor of Safety and Inspection & Lifting Equipment

  • Factor of Safety (FOS): A measure of redundancy built into components to account for accidental overload and deterioration.
  • Three levels of inspection will be considered for the course (pre-use inspection, interim inspection, and thorough examination).

Lifting Equipment

  • Terminology for lifting equipment. (Lifting Equipment, Lifting Accessories/Gear, Lifting Appliances)

Manufacturer's Certificate

  • A manufacturer's certificate, record of test, or statement of conformity is required for new lifting equipment.
  • Document verifies the equipment complies with required manufacturing tests and standards, including stating Working Load Limit (WLL).

Industry Relevant Definitions (Continued)

  • Definitions (Minimum Breaking / Failure Load, Multipurpose Equipment, Operative, Rated Capacity, Proof/Test Load, Single-Purpose Equipment and Report of Test). Specific definitions used in relation to lifting equipment.

Risk Assessment

  • Three primary reasons for assessing and managing risk: Human Harm, Legal Effects, Economic Effects.
  • Consider contributing factors to accidents / ill-health in the workplace: Hazard, Danger, and Risk.
  • Risk assessment methodology: Identify, Decide, Evaluate, Record, Review

Controlling Risks

  • Likelihood and Severity in assessing factors for Risk.
  • NET RESULT(Risk) = Likelihood x Severity

Basic Machines

  • A machine is a mechanism that uses an applied force at one point to transmit to another to gain mechanical advantage for a specific purpose.
  • Two main categories: simple machines(lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw), and compound machines (combinations of simple machines).

Weight and Force (F)

  • Weight and force are considered equal and have the same units.
  • Simple machines increase or decrease the amount of effort or work involved in a certain task.

Mechanical Advantage (MA)

  • Mathematical relationship between load and effort in a machine. (MA = Load / Effort)

Velocity Ratio (VR)

  • Ratio between the distance moved by the effort and the distance moved by the load in a machine. (VR = Distance Effort / Distance Load).

Efficiency (EFF)

  • Efficiency measures the transfer of input energy into useful output energy, expressed as a percentage or efficiency = MA/VR x 100%

Polymers and Natural Fibres, and other materials

  • Description of different materials and/or substances commonly used in lifting equipment (polymers, metals, natural fibres).

Heat Treatment

  • Process of heating and cooling metals to change microstructure and create physical/mechanical characteristics for specific applications. (e.g. increasing strength, decreasing strength, toughening a material).

Stress and Strain

  • Forces acting on lifting equipment when it is loaded and the relationship to material properties.
  • Importance of understanding for lift testing and equipment examination.
  • Definitions of stress, strain, and how stress/strain are calculated and what they represent in practical testing (Force and Area, Pressure, units). Tensile test.
  • Importance of understanding the tensile test, its use, what it measures and interpreting results. definitions related to the Tensile test. (Limit of Proportionality, Elastic Limit, Yield Point, Tensile Strength, Ultimate Breaking Stress, Fracture, Brittleness, Ductility).

Types of Verification

  • Various methods used to verify that lifting equipment meets specifications and legal requirements.
  • Different verification methods are used depending on material, construction type (new/existing) and use.

Other Lifting Equipment, Accessories and/or Applicances

  • Description of various types of lifting appliances and/or accessories.
  • Details of different lifting equipment (including construction, materials, uses, and application) have been added: shackles, eyebolts, rigging screws/turnbuckles, mobile cranes, crane forks/c hooks, powered lifting machines, and offshore containers.

Different Lifting Equipment

  • Description of specific types of equipment, including where and how the equipment can be used or installed for lifting purposes; and the appropriate safety considerations.
  • Different types of Crane (Yard, Truck Mounted, Rough Terrain, City, All terrain and Loader Cranes), Tower Cranes, and Offshore Pedestal Cranes
  • Different types and subtypes of lifting equipment accessories are also included.

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LEEA Foundation Certificate (Global) Workbook v1.6 Jan 2024 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the verification procedures and documentation related to lifting equipment. This quiz covers thorough examinations, declarations of conformity, and industry standards. Assess your understanding of the essential requirements for ensuring equipment safety and compliance.

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