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Lifitegrast (Xiidra) Mechanism and Side Effects
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Lifitegrast (Xiidra) Mechanism and Side Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is the main anti-inflammatory mechanism of Lifitegrast (Xiidra)?

  • Stimulation of cytokine secretion
  • Inhibition of conjunctival cell apoptosis and T cell apoptosis (correct)
  • Activation of LFA-1 on leukocytes
  • Presence of surfactant and oil for better tolerability

    • Why does Lifitegrast (Xiidra) have better tolerability and less vision disturbances?

  • It contains LFA-1 antagonist
  • It activates ICAM-1 on DED cornea/conjunctiva
  • It stimulates cytokine secretion
  • It has no surfactant or oil (correct)

    • Which receptor does Lifitegrast (Xiidra) bind to in order to inhibit cytokine secretion?

  • ICAM-1
  • Tetracycline
  • LFA-1 (correct)
  • Matrix metalloproteinases

    • What is the main side effect associated with Lifitegrast (Xiidra)?

    <p>Dysgeusia (change in taste)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical produced naturally as an element of the immune response during oxidative burst?

    <p>Hypochlorous acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of mucolytics such as Acetylcysteine?

    <p>Softening mucous and affecting goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of tetracycline in the context provided?

    <p>Inhibiting Matrix metalloproteinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main caution associated with Omega 3 (Hydroeye) in patients on blood thinners?

    <p>May affect clotting time by decreasing platelet aggregation – therefore use with caution and appropriate co-management with clotting time monitored with patients on blood thinners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Avenova?

    <p>Removes bacteria and debris on eyelid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine?

    <p>Inhibits apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a serious adverse reaction associated with systemic cyclosporine?

    <p>Gingival hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Restasis (0.05%)?

    <p>To increase tear production in certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected timeline for significant improvement when using Restasis (0.05%)?

    <p>&gt;6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the use of Restasis (0.05%) contraindicated?

    <p>In the presence of ocular infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of Cequa (0.09%)?

    <p>Nanomicellar technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which conditions is Cequa (0.09%) used?

    <p>Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Vervazia (0.1%) from other topical treatments?

    <p>It is an emulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be the effect of EPA and DHA on prothrombin time and bleeding?

    <p>Increase prothrombin time and bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the DREAM study regarding the use of omega 3 fatty acids for the treatment of DED?

    <p>Omega 3 was no better than olive oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration related to the use of omega 3?

    <p>May decrease effect of BP meds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may lead to neurotrophic keratitis?

    <p>Use of contact lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interplay that contributes to corneal homeostasis?

    <p>Corneal nerves and epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of neurotrophic keratitis?

    <p>Herpes keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT recommended for neurotrophic keratitis?

    <p>Use of oral antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Oxervate?

    <p>An FDA-approved treatment for neurotrophic keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Oxervate?

    <p>Recombinant bacteria-derived human growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an important step before starting omega 3 treatment?

    <p>Obtaining baseline omega 3 level prior to treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Tear Conservation?

    <p>To obstruct lacrimal drainage through surgery and cautery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended to address tear obstruction for people with aqueous deficiency and ocular surface problems?

    <p>UltraPlug Extended Wear Synthetic Absorbable Plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it cautioned against using silicone plugs in individuals with dacryocystitis?

    <p>Silicone plugs are difficult to remove with irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between collagen rods and UltraPlug Extended Wear Synthetic Absorbable Plugs?

    <p>Collagen rods dissolve within 2-6 months, while UltraPlug is temporary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Dextenza, a punctal plug releasing dexamethasone?

    <p>To reduce inflammatory mediators in the tear film</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Smart plugs from other types of punctal plugs?

    <p>They are removed by probe or irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drawback of using Freeman plugs?

    <p>They are prone to high probability of plug loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Tarsorrhaphy not recommended for individuals with an inflammatory etiology to dry eye?

    <p>It worsens the inflammatory response by causing pooling of mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

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