Podcast
Questions and Answers
________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.
physical
What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?
What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?
What is normal development?
Specific normative events are also called ________.
Specific normative events are also called ________.
developmental milestones
The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
Ego identity is our ________.
Ego identity is our ________.
________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?
Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?
The concept of conservation refers to ________.
The concept of conservation refers to ________.
In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.
In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.
A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.
A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.
________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.
________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.
What is the primary developmental task of the stage from birth to one year?
What is the primary developmental task of the stage from birth to one year?
What does Ainsley exemplify when she recognizes trucks on television?
What does Ainsley exemplify when she recognizes trucks on television?
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.
What is the primary developmental task of the middle adulthood stage?
What is the primary developmental task of the middle adulthood stage?
During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.
During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.
Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.
Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.
What is the primary developmental task of the adolescent stage?
What is the primary developmental task of the adolescent stage?
What does Madeline's understanding of the hidden cookie exemplify?
What does Madeline's understanding of the hidden cookie exemplify?
What is the primary developmental task of the elementary school stage (ages 6-12)?
What is the primary developmental task of the elementary school stage (ages 6-12)?
Which situation illustrates conservation?
Which situation illustrates conservation?
What does Jory's card selection exemplify?
What does Jory's card selection exemplify?
What stage of moral development does Elroy's decision exemplify?
What stage of moral development does Elroy's decision exemplify?
What stage of moral reasoning does Annaliese's decision exemplify?
What stage of moral reasoning does Annaliese's decision exemplify?
Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?
Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?
What kind of attachment does Umberto have?
What kind of attachment does Umberto have?
What kind of attachment does Guy exemplify?
What kind of attachment does Guy exemplify?
What kind of parenting style do Carissa's parents have?
What kind of parenting style do Carissa's parents have?
What is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?
What is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?
Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?
Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?
Which developmental issue do children face during the formal operational stage?
Which developmental issue do children face during the formal operational stage?
Which developmental issue do children face during the concrete operational stage?
Which developmental issue do children face during the concrete operational stage?
According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?
According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?
Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?
Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?
Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.
Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.
Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.
Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.
Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?
Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?
Early maturing girls are ________.
Early maturing girls are ________.
Late maturing boys are ________.
Late maturing boys are ________.
What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?
What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of Life Span and Development
- Physical development involves changes in the body, brain, motor skills, health, and wellness.
- Normative approach seeks to understand what constitutes normal development across the lifespan.
- Developmental milestones mark specific normative events during age progression.
Types of Development
- Cumulative process is how the continuous development approach sees progression, emphasizing gradual accumulation of skills.
- Cognitive development encompasses learning, memory, attention, language, reasoning, and creativity.
- Psychosocial development includes emotions, personality, and social relationships.
Theories and Models
- Discontinuous development theorists believe in distinct stages of development.
- Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory outlining stages including trust vs. mistrust and identity vs. confusion.
- Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral development follows a series of distinct stages.
Developmental Milestones
- Examples include crawling, walking, writing, and puberty, which serve as benchmarks for development.
- Conservation refers to understanding that properties remain constant despite changes in form or appearance.
Atypical Development Patterns
- The achievement gap highlights persistent differences in academic performance among various demographics.
- Attachment theory identifies bonds with caregivers, with secure attachment being crucial for developing trust.
Cognitive Development Stages
- Children progressively move through stages defined by cognitive capabilities:
- Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years): Development of object permanence.
- Preoperational stage (2-7 years): Characterized by egocentrism and the beginning of language use.
- Concrete operational stage (7-11 years): Mastery of conservation and logical reasoning applied to concrete objects.
- Formal operational stage (12 years and up): Abstract thinking and advanced problem-solving abilities.
Parenting Styles
- Parenting styles affect child development significantly:
- Authoritarian: High demands with low responsiveness, often leading to anxiety or withdrawal.
- Permissive: Lenient, allowing substantial autonomy, resulting in a more friend-like relationship.
- Disorganized attachment often stems from abusive environments, leading to complex emotional responses in children.
Maturation Timing
- Early maturing girls face higher risks of depression and social challenges, while late maturing boys may also be susceptible to mental health issues.
Critical Developmental Tasks
- Each stage has primary developmental tasks, such as developing trust, identity, and a positive self-concept during childhood.
Cognitive Adjustments
- Assimilation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas, aiding in understanding and cognitive growth.
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