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Life Span and Development Flashcards
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Life Span and Development Flashcards

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@TalentedFantasy1640

Questions and Answers

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?

Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

<p>cumulative process</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

<p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

<p>discontinuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

<p>achievement gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ego identity is our ________.

<p>sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

<p>psychosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

<p>Erik Erikson</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of conservation refers to ________.

<p>knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

<p>postformal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

<p>teratogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

<p>motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

<p>Sigmund Freud</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

<p>schemata</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

<p>zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

<p>Lawrence Kohlberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

<p>attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

<p>developmental milestones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

<p>environment and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

<p>fine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of the stage from birth to one year?

<p>trust vs. mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ainsley exemplify when she recognizes trucks on television?

<p>assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

<p>gross</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of the middle adulthood stage?

<p>generativity vs. stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

<p>operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

<p>formal operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of the adolescent stage?

<p>identity vs. confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Madeline's understanding of the hidden cookie exemplify?

<p>object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of the elementary school stage (ages 6-12)?

<p>industry vs. inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation illustrates conservation?

<p>Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Jory's card selection exemplify?

<p>egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of moral development does Elroy's decision exemplify?

<p>pre-conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of moral reasoning does Annaliese's decision exemplify?

<p>conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

<p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of attachment does Umberto have?

<p>secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of attachment does Guy exemplify?

<p>resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of parenting style do Carissa's parents have?

<p>permissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?

<p>stranger anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

<p>object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental issue do children face during the formal operational stage?

<p>moral reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental issue do children face during the concrete operational stage?

<p>conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use language?

<p>preoperational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not occur during the concrete operational stage?

<p>children begin to use language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.

<p>abused</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.

<p>anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?

<p>in some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early maturing girls are ________.

<p>at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Late maturing boys are ________.

<p>at a higher risk of depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

<p>developing a positive sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

<p>assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts of Life Span and Development

  • Physical development involves changes in the body, brain, motor skills, health, and wellness.
  • Normative approach seeks to understand what constitutes normal development across the lifespan.
  • Developmental milestones mark specific normative events during age progression.

Types of Development

  • Cumulative process is how the continuous development approach sees progression, emphasizing gradual accumulation of skills.
  • Cognitive development encompasses learning, memory, attention, language, reasoning, and creativity.
  • Psychosocial development includes emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Theories and Models

  • Discontinuous development theorists believe in distinct stages of development.
  • Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory outlining stages including trust vs. mistrust and identity vs. confusion.
  • Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral development follows a series of distinct stages.

Developmental Milestones

  • Examples include crawling, walking, writing, and puberty, which serve as benchmarks for development.
  • Conservation refers to understanding that properties remain constant despite changes in form or appearance.

Atypical Development Patterns

  • The achievement gap highlights persistent differences in academic performance among various demographics.
  • Attachment theory identifies bonds with caregivers, with secure attachment being crucial for developing trust.

Cognitive Development Stages

  • Children progressively move through stages defined by cognitive capabilities:
    • Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years): Development of object permanence.
    • Preoperational stage (2-7 years): Characterized by egocentrism and the beginning of language use.
    • Concrete operational stage (7-11 years): Mastery of conservation and logical reasoning applied to concrete objects.
    • Formal operational stage (12 years and up): Abstract thinking and advanced problem-solving abilities.

Parenting Styles

  • Parenting styles affect child development significantly:
    • Authoritarian: High demands with low responsiveness, often leading to anxiety or withdrawal.
    • Permissive: Lenient, allowing substantial autonomy, resulting in a more friend-like relationship.
  • Disorganized attachment often stems from abusive environments, leading to complex emotional responses in children.

Maturation Timing

  • Early maturing girls face higher risks of depression and social challenges, while late maturing boys may also be susceptible to mental health issues.

Critical Developmental Tasks

  • Each stage has primary developmental tasks, such as developing trust, identity, and a positive self-concept during childhood.

Cognitive Adjustments

  • Assimilation involves incorporating new information into existing schemas, aiding in understanding and cognitive growth.

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Description

This quiz features key concepts and terms related to life span and development. Test your knowledge on definitions and important milestones that shape human growth across different stages of life. Perfect for psychology students and anyone interested in developmental psychology.

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