Life Processes and Survival Needs

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role body systems play in cell survival?

  • Body systems operate independently of cells, ensuring that cells do not interfere with the functionality of these systems.
  • Body systems provide cells with specialized functions, allowing cells to focus on one specific task.
  • Body systems work together to meet the needs of cells, performing essential life processes and functions for the organism. (correct)
  • Body systems prioritize the organism's survival, often at the expense of individual cells within the system.

Which of the following is the best explanation of how MRS GREN relates to the eight life processes?

  • MRS GREN is a simplified mnemonic that encompasses most, but not all, of the eight life processes observed in humans. (correct)
  • MRS GREN is an outdated mnemonic and does not fully represent the eight life processes of humans.
  • MRS GREN and the eight life processes are unrelated concepts in biology.
  • MRS GREN is a mnemonic for all living things, while the eight life processes are exclusive to humans.

The process of maintaining boundaries in human beings is best exemplified by which of the following?

  • The skin separating internal and external environments. (correct)
  • The breakdown of nutrients through digestion.
  • The ability to sense and respond to changes in the environment.
  • The excretion of waste products from the body.

Catabolism and anabolism are crucial aspects of which essential life process?

<p>Metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how the skeletal system supports the integumentary system?

<p>The skeletal system provides a supportive framework for body organs including the skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the urinary system assist in fulfilling the needs of the muscular system?

<p>By disposing of nitrogen-containing wastes from muscle metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems?

<p>The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, loading oxygen into the blood, while the cardiovascular system transports these gases throughout the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly links a survival need to its description?

<p>Water: Most abundant chemical in the body and the site of chemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lymphatic system relies on which system's function to maintain blood volume and facilitate immune cell transport?

<p>Cardiovascular system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the nervous and muscular systems interact to facilitate movement?

<p>The nervous system signals muscles to contract, enabling movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cellular respiration in providing for cell survival needs?

<p>It releases energy in the form of ATP from nutrients so the cell can perform its functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does skin contribute to calcium absorption in the body?

<p>By synthesizing vitamin D, which is needed for calcium absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how the digestive system provides nutrients to the endocrine organs?

<p>By providing the raw materials necessary for hormone synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the muscular system assist the lymphatic system?

<p>By contracting to facilitate lymph flow through lymphatic vessels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system contributes to the function of the respiratory system by:

<p>Regulating the rate and depth of breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells require a healthy extracellular environment. What are the key factors that contribute to maintaining this environment?

<p>A constant temperature and chemical composition, free from pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the body cannot maintain normal body temperature, what is the direct consequence to the cells?

<p>It directly affects the rate of chemical reactions within the cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is appropriate atmospheric pressure considered a survival need?

<p>For adequate breathing and gas exchange in the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best summarizes how the endocrine system and the urinary system interact?

<p>The urinary system activates vitamin D, which is influenced by the endocrine system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for transporting the components needed by the digestive system for it to function?

<p>The cardiovascular system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for taking the nutrients provided from the respiratory system to the organs?

<p>The cardiovascular system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the lymphatic system play in maintaining the health of the integumentary system?

<p>Enhancing the skin's protective role by defending against pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the respiratory system support the integumentary system?

<p>By providing oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the muscular system in maintaining the health of the skeletal system?

<p>Muscle pull on bones increases bone strength and viability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how the urinary system assists the cardiovascular system?

<p>The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by altering urine volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life process is primarily responsible for the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them?

<p>Responsiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options accurately represents the integumentary system's role in maintaining homeostasis with the nervous system?

<p>The integumentary system protects the nervous system and houses cutaneous sensory receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately describes the collaboration between the skeletal system and the lymphatic system?

<p>The skeletal system houses hematopoietic tissue; the lymphatic system protects bones from pathogens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how the reproductive system relies on the cardiovascular system?

<p>The reproductive system transports hormones and nutrients necessary for proper organ function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what capacity does the digestive system depend on the skeletal system?

<p>The digestive system is not dependent on the skeletal system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which choice provides the most accurate assessment of how the endocrine system assists the reproductive system?

<p>The endocrine system controls the production of hormones that guide reproductive development and function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nutrients contribute to cellular survival?

<p>They are used for energy, cell maintenance, and growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between the digestive and endocrine systems?

<p>The digestive system utilizes vitamin D to support endocrine processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the urinary system directly work with the integumentary (skin) system to maintain homeostasis?

<p>The urinary system disposes of certain wastes in sweat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the male and female reproductive systems interact with the integumentary system?

<p>Both systems exchange hormones that influence sweat and lactation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomical terminology

Use of precise language to describe the body.

Structure and function interaction

The coordinated interaction of structures (anatomy) and functions (physiology) across body systems. This maintains life.

Cell survival needs

Cells require oxygen, nutrients, water, waste removal, and a stable environment.

Cellular respiration

Metabolic reactions that release energy (ATP) from nutrients.

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Nutrients for cells

Chemicals from food (glucose, vitamins, minerals) for energy, maintenance, and growth.

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Healthy extracellular environment

A stable and safe environment for cells, including constant temperature, chemical composition, and absence of pathogens.

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Essential life processes

Cooperative actions that help cells maintain life, including maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

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Maintaining boundaries

The process of keeping the internal environment distinct from the external environment

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Movement (life process)

Ability to move body parts, substances within organs, and substances within cells.

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Responsiveness/sensitivity

The ability to sense and respond to changes inside and outside the body.

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Digestion

Breaking down and absorbing nutrients.

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Metabolism

All chemical reactions that occur in the body, including catabolism and anabolism; produces energy.

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Excretion

Removal of wastes from metabolic processes and digestion.

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Reproduction

Occurs on cellular and organismal levels for growth, repair, or offspring production.

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Growth

Increase in size of a body part or the organism.

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Nutrients (organism need)

Chemicals like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins used for energy and cell building.

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Oxygen (organism need)

Necessary for energy release (ATP production).

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Water (organism need)

Most abundant chemical in the body and the site of chemical reactions.

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Normal body temperature

A set point of 37°C (98°F) is needed for effective chemical reactions

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Atmospheric pressure

Adequate air pressure for breathing.

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Integumentary system

Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of cutaneous receptors and sweat and oil glands.

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Skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.

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Muscular system

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat.

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Nervous system

Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

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Endocrine system

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

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Cardiovascular system

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood.

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Lymphatic system/Immunity

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

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Respiratory system

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.

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Digestive system

Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

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Urinary system

Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

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Reproductive Systems

Overall function of the reproductive system is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones; remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breast produce milk to nourish the newborn.

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Study Notes

  • BN5.002 is the name of the module.
  • The module is called Life Processes and Survival Needs.

Learning Outcomes

  • Use anatomical terminology and knowledge in a nursing context
  • Explain how the structure and function of body systems interact to maintain life

Cell Survival Needs

  • Each cell contributes to life maintenance.
  • Cells rely on tissues and body systems for their survival.
  • Cells need oxygen, nutrients, and water.
  • Cells need the elimination of intracellular wastes and toxins.
  • Cells need a healthy extracellular environment.

Oxygen

  • Oxygen is required for cellular respiration, which includes metabolic chemical reactions
  • Cellular respiration releases energy as ATP.

Nutrients

  • Nutrients are chemicals from food.
  • Nutrients are used for energy to make ATP
  • Nutrients are used in cell maintenance and growth
  • Cells need glucose, essential vitamins, and minerals.

Water

  • Two-thirds of body fluid is located inside cells.
  • Water is the main component of the cytosol.
  • Water is used in many cell processes.

Elimination of Intracellular Wastes and Toxins

  • Metabolic reactions produce waste products.
  • Toxins can enter cells.
  • The accumulation of toxins and waste can cause damage.

A Healthy Extracellular Environment

  • Cells require a stable, safe environment.
  • An example of the stable environment is constant temperature and chemical composition, and the absence of pathogens
  • Waste products and toxins must be removed from the extracellular fluids.

Life Processes/Functions

  • Body systems work together to fulfill cellular needs
  • Body systems perform essential life processes/functions
  • The essential functions include maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth.

MRS GREN

  • MRS GREN is a method for remembering the characteristics of living things.
  • The characteristics apply to animals, plants, fungi and bacteria.
  • MRS GREN does not fully represent the 8 life processes in humans.
  • Maintaining boundaries is a new function in humans in addition to MRS GREN.
  • Responsiveness is Sensitivity from MRS GREN
  • Metabolism includes Respiration from MRS GREN.
  • Digestion = gaining Nutrients from MRS GREN
  • Excretion is the same

Maintaining Boundaries

  • Maintaining boundaries includes internal differentiation from external environments
  • Examples of maintaining boundaries include the skin, plasma membranes around cells, and membranes around organelles

Movement

  • Movement includes locomotion, body parts, substances within organs and substances within cells

Responsiveness/Sensitivity

  • Responsiveness/sensitivity refers to the ability to sense and respond to changes inside and outside the body

Digestion

  • Digestion is the breakdown and absorption of nutrients

Metabolism

  • Metabolism includes all chemical reactions in the body.
  • Catabolism breaks down molecules
  • Anabolism builds molecules.
  • Metabolism produces energy through cellular respiration.
  • Metabolism is regulated by hormones.

Excretion

  • Excretion is the removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion, such as urea, carbon dioxide, and faeces

Reproduction

  • Reproduction occurs on a cellular and organismal level.
  • Cellular division helps to provide growth, repair or replacement
  • Reproduction includes the production of offspring

Growth

  • Growth is an increase in size of a body part or organism
  • Growth is an increase in size of existing cells and/or the number of cells.

Organism Survival Needs

Nutrients

  • Chemicals that provide energy and aid with cell building
  • examples include carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins

Oxygen

  • Oxygen is essential for energy release/ATP production

Water

  • Most abundant chemical in the body.
  • The site of chemical reactions

Normal Body Temperature

  • 37 °C or 98°F
  • Affects the rate of chemical reactions

Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure

  • Needed for breathing and gas exchange in the lungs

Body Systems Interrelationships

  • Organ systems work together to provide survival needs for the body's cells
  • Organ systems also cooperate to provide the necessary life functions

Integumentary System

  • Forms the external body covering.
  • Protects deeper tissue from injury.
  • Synthesizes vitamin D.
  • Is the location of cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors, sweat and oil glands.
  • Protects Skin
  • Androgens promote hair growth; estrogen helps maintain skin hydration
  • Supports body organs/the skin
  • Exercise enhances circulation to skin and improves skin health.
  • Protects muscles by external enclosure
  • Serves as heat loss surface

Skeletal System

  • Protects and supports other body organs.
  • Provides a framework for muscles.
  • Blood cells are formed within bones.
  • Stores minerals.
  • Skeletal system provides support for body organs including the skin
  • The rib cage protects what is inside
  • Lever for muscle activity
  • Protects NS
  • Serves as calcium storage

Muscular System

  • Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression.
  • Maintains posture.
  • Produces heat.
  • Support of the pelvic orgrans
  • Maintains bone health and strength

Nervous System

  • Fast-acting control system of the body.
  • Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
  • Cutaneous sensory receptors located in skin.
  • Regulates diameter of blood vessels in skin; activates sweat glands, contributing to thermoregulation.
  • Regulates cardiac rate and force

Endocrine System

  • Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

Lymphatic System

  • Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood.
  • Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream.
  • Houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

Respiratory System

  • Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
  • Gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.

Cardiovascular System

  • Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.
  • The heart pumps blood.

Digestive System

  • Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
  • Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

Urinary System

  • Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body.
  • Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

Reproductive System

  • Production of offspring

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