Life Histories and Reproduction Methods Quiz

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What is the life history of a species?

The social behavior of the species

The pattern of survival and reproduction events for a member of the species (correct)

The genetic makeup of the species

The geographic distribution of the species

What is an example of a different method of reproduction mentioned in the text?

Kiwi birds that lay huge eggs due to lack of predation

Rats that live fast and die young

Elephants that grow and reproduce slowly

Hummingbirds that produce fewer eggs and live longer (correct)

What falls upon the axis of variation in life histories?

Number of offspring and individual survival

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution

Rapid growth rate and carrying capacity (correct)

Reproductive value and social behavior

What is a life history trait?

How individuals live and their reproductive strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is reproductive value?

The number of offspring an individual expects Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about kiwi birds' egg-laying behavior?

They invest a lot into egg production due to lack of predation Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept called where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

Antagonistic pleiotropy Signup and view all the answers

In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

Positive effect of mutations when young Signup and view all the answers

What causes a higher rate of senescence according to the text?

Likelihood of dying in a year Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

Heterozygote advantage Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

Mutation accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'senescence' refer to in this context?

Age-related physiological decline Signup and view all the answers

In a stable population, what happens to the reproductive value as individuals age?

It increases initially and then begins to fall as individuals start reproducing Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of allocation in the context of resource distribution for organisms?

Putting resources into either maintenance of cells or reproduction based on need Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best exemplifies the trade-off concept discussed in the text?

People having to choose between a nice house and a nice car Signup and view all the answers

What is the hidden assumption that ruins the idea of changing to semelparity giving one more offspring at a cost?

The adult organism is already fully grown and alive, so its survival is not the same as the offspring's survival Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

Reproductive success is less in dry sites despite constant effort per episode Signup and view all the answers

What does senescence refer to in the context of organisms?

A cellular response characterized by stable growth arrest and proinflammatory secretome Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

It indicates that organisms can only allocate resources into either maintenance of cells or reproduction based on need Signup and view all the answers

What does iteroparous mean in the context of organism reproduction?

It indicates organisms that mature later and at larger size where there is less predation Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

It implies that organisms die in large numbers after a specific period of time Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the reproductive value of individuals as they age?

It peaks at the age of maturity before falling as individuals start reproducing Signup and view all the answers

What does the evidence suggest about the relationship between larval survival and other life history traits?

There is a negative correlation between larval survival and other life history traits Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

Competitive exclusion Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is driven by similar mechanisms, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation?

Character displacement Signup and view all the answers

In the context of species interacting via resources such as stealing food, what is this an example of?

Exploitation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bird species eating seeds, what does the term 'trait usefulness' refer to?

Beak useful for certain seed sizes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the expected density/distribution of trait sizes in animals due to resource exploitation, what is measured by the K curve?

Expected distribution of trait size Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of birds and seed sizes?

Trait usefulness Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a species rapidly diversifies into multiple new forms, each adapted to a specific environment?

Adaptive radiation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sticklebacks, what does the term 'limnetic habitat' refer to?

Open water habitat Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

Increase in gill raker length Signup and view all the answers

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

Msx2a Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

Trait under dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What factor led to a change in beak size in finches after the drought in 1970's?

Predation pressure Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sticklebacks, what does 'canine diameter' refer to?

Size of the teeth Signup and view all the answers

What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

Trait under dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What do traits more widely separated than randomly generated/separated traits indicate according to the text?

Competition for resource space. Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

Heterozygote advantage. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

The resource allocation is based on trade-offs and competition. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe an evolutionary change that occurs when two similar species inhabit the same environment?

Character displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

Allopatric Signup and view all the answers

What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

Competing for mates rather than food Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sympatric species, what can be observed when individuals compete for the same resource?

Loss of characteristic traits Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'allopatry' refer to in the context of species distribution?

Species living apart in different environments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

Living together in the same place at the same time Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

Overdominance Signup and view all the answers

'Competitive exclusion' refers to which scenario?

'One species outcompeting another for resources' Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'competitive exclusion' refer to in the context of species interaction?

One species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of species interaction?

Species act via the resource, e.g., stealing food Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'character displacement' in the context of species interaction?

Driven by similar mechanism, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exploitation' refer to in the context of species interaction?

Species act via the resource, e.g., stealing food Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of 'competitive exclusion' in the context of species interaction?

Prevents a species from occupying a niche Signup and view all the answers

In what way does 'exploitation' impact species interaction?

Driven by similar mechanism, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where two similar species inhabit the same environment?

Sympatry Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

Allopatry Signup and view all the answers

What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

Changes in trait value when species inhabit the same environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

Iteroparous Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

Organisms reproduce only once in their lifetime Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

Mutation accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

Sharing the same habitat Signup and view all the answers

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

Gill raker gene Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

Reproductive success is lower Signup and view all the answers

What concept refers to the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

Competitive exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a situation where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

Senescence Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a method used to study character displacement in stickleback fish?

Comparing the growth rates of limnetic and benthic stickleback fish Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

Trait overdispersion Signup and view all the answers

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

Msx2a Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

Overdominance Signup and view all the answers

What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

Trait overdispersion due to competition Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

Having a single reproductive event followed by death Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

Competitive Exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

Divergence of gill raker length when species occur together Signup and view all the answers

In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

Trait Overdispersion due to competition Signup and view all the answers

Life Histories and Reproduction Methods Quiz

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the life history of a species?

What is an example of a different method of reproduction mentioned in the text?

What falls upon the axis of variation in life histories?

What is a life history trait?

What is reproductive value?

What does the text suggest about kiwi birds' egg-laying behavior?

What is the concept called where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

What causes a higher rate of senescence according to the text?

What is the term used for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

What does the term 'senescence' refer to in this context?

In a stable population, what happens to the reproductive value as individuals age?

What is the principle of allocation in the context of resource distribution for organisms?

Which scenario best exemplifies the trade-off concept discussed in the text?

What is the hidden assumption that ruins the idea of changing to semelparity giving one more offspring at a cost?

What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

What does senescence refer to in the context of organisms?

What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

What does iteroparous mean in the context of organism reproduction?

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

What does the text imply about the reproductive value of individuals as they age?

What does the evidence suggest about the relationship between larval survival and other life history traits?

What term describes the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

Which mechanism is driven by similar mechanisms, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation?

In the context of species interacting via resources such as stealing food, what is this an example of?

In the context of bird species eating seeds, what does the term 'trait usefulness' refer to?

In the context of the expected density/distribution of trait sizes in animals due to resource exploitation, what is measured by the K curve?

What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of birds and seed sizes?

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a species rapidly diversifies into multiple new forms, each adapted to a specific environment?

In the context of sticklebacks, what does the term 'limnetic habitat' refer to?

What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

What term is used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

What factor led to a change in beak size in finches after the drought in 1970's?

In the context of sticklebacks, what does 'canine diameter' refer to?

What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

What do traits more widely separated than randomly generated/separated traits indicate according to the text?

What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

What term is used to describe an evolutionary change that occurs when two similar species inhabit the same environment?

What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

In the context of sympatric species, what can be observed when individuals compete for the same resource?

What does the term 'allopatry' refer to in the context of species distribution?

What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

'Competitive exclusion' refers to which scenario?

What does the term 'competitive exclusion' refer to in the context of species interaction?

What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of species interaction?

What is meant by 'character displacement' in the context of species interaction?

What does the term 'exploitation' refer to in the context of species interaction?

What is the key characteristic of 'competitive exclusion' in the context of species interaction?

In what way does 'exploitation' impact species interaction?

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where two similar species inhabit the same environment?

What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

What concept refers to the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

What term describes a situation where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

What is an example of a method used to study character displacement in stickleback fish?

What is the term used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

What is the term for the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

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