Life Histories and Reproduction Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the life history of a species?

  • The social behavior of the species
  • The pattern of survival and reproduction events for a member of the species (correct)
  • The genetic makeup of the species
  • The geographic distribution of the species

    • What is an example of a different method of reproduction mentioned in the text?

  • Kiwi birds that lay huge eggs due to lack of predation
  • Rats that live fast and die young
  • Elephants that grow and reproduce slowly
  • Hummingbirds that produce fewer eggs and live longer (correct)

    • What falls upon the axis of variation in life histories?

  • Number of offspring and individual survival
  • Genetic diversity and geographic distribution
  • Rapid growth rate and carrying capacity (correct)
  • Reproductive value and social behavior

    • What is a life history trait?

    <p>How individuals live and their reproductive strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reproductive value?

    <p>The number of offspring an individual expects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about kiwi birds' egg-laying behavior?

    <p>They invest a lot into egg production due to lack of predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept called where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

    <p>Antagonistic pleiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

    <p>Positive effect of mutations when young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a higher rate of senescence according to the text?

    <p>Likelihood of dying in a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

    <p>Heterozygote advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

    <p>Mutation accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'senescence' refer to in this context?

    <p>Age-related physiological decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stable population, what happens to the reproductive value as individuals age?

    <p>It increases initially and then begins to fall as individuals start reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of allocation in the context of resource distribution for organisms?

    <p>Putting resources into either maintenance of cells or reproduction based on need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best exemplifies the trade-off concept discussed in the text?

    <p>People having to choose between a nice house and a nice car</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hidden assumption that ruins the idea of changing to semelparity giving one more offspring at a cost?

    <p>The adult organism is already fully grown and alive, so its survival is not the same as the offspring's survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

    <p>Reproductive success is less in dry sites despite constant effort per episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does senescence refer to in the context of organisms?

    <p>A cellular response characterized by stable growth arrest and proinflammatory secretome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

    <p>It indicates that organisms can only allocate resources into either maintenance of cells or reproduction based on need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does iteroparous mean in the context of organism reproduction?

    <p>It indicates organisms that mature later and at larger size where there is less predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

    <p>It implies that organisms die in large numbers after a specific period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the reproductive value of individuals as they age?

    <p>It peaks at the age of maturity before falling as individuals start reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evidence suggest about the relationship between larval survival and other life history traits?

    <p>There is a negative correlation between larval survival and other life history traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

    <p>Competitive exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is driven by similar mechanisms, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation?

    <p>Character displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of species interacting via resources such as stealing food, what is this an example of?

    <p>Exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bird species eating seeds, what does the term 'trait usefulness' refer to?

    <p>Beak useful for certain seed sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the expected density/distribution of trait sizes in animals due to resource exploitation, what is measured by the K curve?

    <p>Expected distribution of trait size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of birds and seed sizes?

    <p>Trait usefulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a species rapidly diversifies into multiple new forms, each adapted to a specific environment?

    <p>Adaptive radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sticklebacks, what does the term 'limnetic habitat' refer to?

    <p>Open water habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

    <p>Increase in gill raker length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

    <p>Msx2a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

    <p>Trait under dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor led to a change in beak size in finches after the drought in 1970's?

    <p>Predation pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sticklebacks, what does 'canine diameter' refer to?

    <p>Size of the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

    <p>Trait under dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do traits more widely separated than randomly generated/separated traits indicate according to the text?

    <p>Competition for resource space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

    <p>Heterozygote advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of allocation suggest about resource distribution?

    <p>The resource allocation is based on trade-offs and competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe an evolutionary change that occurs when two similar species inhabit the same environment?

    <p>Character displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

    <p>Allopatric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Competing for mates rather than food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sympatric species, what can be observed when individuals compete for the same resource?

    <p>Loss of characteristic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'allopatry' refer to in the context of species distribution?

    <p>Species living apart in different environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

    <p>Living together in the same place at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

    <p>Overdominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Competitive exclusion' refers to which scenario?

    <p>'One species outcompeting another for resources'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'competitive exclusion' refer to in the context of species interaction?

    <p>One species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'exploitation of resource' refer to in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Species act via the resource, e.g., stealing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'character displacement' in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Driven by similar mechanism, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'exploitation' refer to in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Species act via the resource, e.g., stealing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of 'competitive exclusion' in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Prevents a species from occupying a niche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does 'exploitation' impact species interaction?

    <p>Driven by similar mechanism, but it leads to changes in the behavior of another species due to resource use/allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where two similar species inhabit the same environment?

    <p>Sympatry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for species that do not have overlapping geographic ranges?

    <p>Allopatry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does character displacement refer to in the context of species interaction?

    <p>Changes in trait value when species inhabit the same environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success for much longer?

    <p>Iteroparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

    <p>Organisms reproduce only once in their lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept suggests that bad mutations accumulate and have a negative effect later in life?

    <p>Mutation accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sympatric species?

    <p>Sharing the same habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

    <p>Gill raker gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the reproductive success of plants in dry sites according to the text?

    <p>Reproductive success is lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

    <p>Competitive exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a situation where mutations have a positive effect earlier in life but a negative effect when old?

    <p>Senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a method used to study character displacement in stickleback fish?

    <p>Comparing the growth rates of limnetic and benthic stickleback fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the pattern of character displacement observed in finches with different beak sizes?

    <p>Trait overdispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene seems to increase in frequency in response to predation in sticklebacks?

    <p>Msx2a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the situation where heterozygotes have higher reproductive success than either corresponding homozygote?

    <p>Overdominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lack of overlap of canine diameter across different weasel species suggest?

    <p>Trait overdispersion due to competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by semelparity in terms of organism reproduction?

    <p>Having a single reproductive event followed by death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the situation where one species prevents another from occupying a niche by being superior?

    <p>Competitive Exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of character displacement on gill raker length in stickleback species?

    <p>Divergence of gill raker length when species occur together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evolutionary time, what leads to the accumulation of mutations?

    <p>Trait Overdispersion due to competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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