Library Science
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes the primary function of a public library?

  • To function as a 'people's university,' providing free educational and social services to all members of the community. (correct)
  • To operate as a commercial enterprise, offering information services and resources primarily to local industries for a fee.
  • To primarily cater to the academic needs of university students and faculty through specialized research collections.
  • To serve as a repository for rare and historical manuscripts, accessible only to accredited researchers.

National libraries primarily focus on serving the local interests and commerce of their immediate community.

False (B)

Besides books, periodicals, newspapers, and magazines, what type of materials do public libraries provide to support literacy programs?

Non-book materials

Libraries that are movable and serve people in villages where there are no libraries are called ______ services.

<p>Book mobile</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following libraries with their country:

<p>Library of Congress = Washington D.C. British Library = London, England Bibliotheque Nationale = Paris, France National Library of Nigeria = Abuja, Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation was most crucial in enabling the Sumerians to preserve their records for future generations?

<p>Use of wet clay tablets and reed pens, which when dried and baked, formed durable records. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

King Assurbanipal's library at Nineveh primarily housed records inscribed on papyrus scrolls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the writing system developed and used by the Sumerians on clay tablets?

<p>Cuneiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sumerians utilized ______ as writing materials, which were then dried and baked to preserve records.

<p>clay tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each ancient civilization with their contribution to library development:

<p>Sumerians = Pioneered the use of clay tablets for record-keeping. Egypt = Utilized papyrus rolls for royal, church, and commercial records. Mesopotamia = Contributed to library growth due to agricultural and business activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service involves tailoring information delivery to users based on their specific needs and profiles?

<p>Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Special libraries primarily offer services aimed at the general public, rather than focusing on specialized information needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of library is typically attached to organizations such as the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) or the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN)?

<p>Professional Libraries</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IITA Library and Documentation Centre in Ibadan is an example of a ______ library in Nigeria.

<p>Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each library type with its primary organizational context:

<p>Research Libraries = Institutions focused on scientific studies, agricultural or industrial advancement. Government Departmental Libraries = Executive, legislative, and judicial bodies. Professional Libraries = Organizations like law firms and accounting institutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a law library and a lawyer, based on the provided information?

<p>A law library is as essential to a lawyer as a laboratory is to a scientist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Access to a law library is unrestricted, allowing anyone to utilize its resources.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides legal professionals, name two other professions that, according to the text, may require access to legal collections in law libraries.

<p>Journalists, medical professionals, accountants, secretaries of corporate bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Well-researched judgments, rulings, and decisions of courts are made with the consultation of legal collections in the _______ libraries.

<p>law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the library type with an example of an institution that would have such a library.

<p>Business and Industrial Library = Oil company libraries Academic Law Library = Faculty of Law Libraries Other Special Libraries = Medical libraries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative action most directly addressed and resolved the initial shortcomings in the National Library of Nigeria's ability to fully act as a legal depository?

<p>The National Library Decree of 1970, which explicitly empowered the library to function as a legal depository. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The National Library of Nigeria is exclusively responsible for documenting publications by Nigerian authors, regardless of where these works are published.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides collecting and preserving national publications, what is a key function of the National Library of Nigeria related to national documentation?

<p>Publishing National Bibliographies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The National Library of Nigeria plays a crucial role in intellectual property by administering the __________ Centre and __________ Agency.

<p>ISSN, ISBN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each function to the appropriate body responsible for its execution in Nigeria:

<p>Collecting and preserving national publications = National Library of Nigeria Publishing National Bibliographies = National Library of Nigeria Administering the ISSN Centre = National Library of Nigeria Collecting the National Intellectual Output Through Legal deposit = National Library of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity falls OUTSIDE the direct responsibilities of the National Library of Nigeria, despite supporting library development?

<p>Establishing libraries at communities, towns, educational and specialized institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The National Library of Nigeria's sole focus is on archiving and preserving national publications, with no involvement in providing ISBNs or ISSNs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides archiving national publications, what is another key function performed by the National Library of a country that directly contributes to the organization and accessibility of information resources?

<p>Maintaining the National Union Catalogues (NUC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The National Library of Nigeria disseminates knowledge and supports library development through organizing conferences, seminars, and ______ for library professionals.

<p>workshops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following departments within a National Library with their primary function:

<p>Collection Development and Processing Department (CDPD) = Responsible for procuring and organizing library materials. National Bibliographic Control Department (NBCD) = Focuses on standardized recording and listing of publications. Planning Research and Statistics Development (PRSD) = Engages in long-term strategic initiatives and data analysis. Readers Services Department (RSD) = Delivers information and resources directly to library users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the primary goal of special libraries?

<p>To deliver current, focused information to a specialized group of users, supporting organizational objectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Special libraries, unlike general libraries, typically offer unrestricted access to the public and community members.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Special libraries are also known as ________ libraries.

<p>departmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key role of special libraries is to promote ________ within their specialized field by providing access to current research and resources.

<p>professionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of special libraries with their corresponding examples:

<p>Research Library = Federal Library Government Library = Executive Library Professional Library = Law Library</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how a special library supports its parent organization?

<p>By acquiring a specialized collection of resources directly relevant to the organization's objectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an academic setting, special libraries operate entirely independently from the central library.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes special Libraries from General Libraries?

<p>Special Libraries collections are of specialized nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice was commonly employed in monastic libraries to safeguard manuscripts?

<p>Chaining the manuscripts to the reading desk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cathedral libraries were established primarily to serve the general public's reading needs during the era of cathedral construction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific role did the 'scriptorium' play within monastic libraries?

<p>copying religious texts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century led to a decrease in the value of handwritten ______.

<p>manuscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor was most influential in the development of university libraries during the 13th century?

<p>The research and information needs arising from university teachers and students. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary method Romans used to build their library collections?

<p>Spoils of war (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monasteries discouraged the development of libraries during medieval times.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monastic libraries primarily focused on preserving secular writings, largely neglecting religious texts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material did Egyptians primarily use for writing, sourced from the Nile River?

<p>papyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of libraries with their primary purpose or characteristic:

<p>Monastic Libraries = Preservation and copying of manuscripts by monks. Cathedral Libraries = Training of priests and government officials. University Libraries = Supporting research and education for teachers and students. Renaissance Libraries = Increased availability of books due to the printing press.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the medieval period, the copying of ancient manuscripts in monasteries was known as _______.

<p>script</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the fall of Rome, which institutions became the primary centers of learning and preservation of knowledge?

<p>monasteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of library with its primary role during the medieval period:

<p>Monastic Libraries = Focused on copying ancient manuscripts and religious texts. Cathedral Libraries = Provided education and housed significant collections. University Libraries = Supported research and scholarship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors significantly spurred the invention of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt?

<p>The need to keep records of business transactions and religious ceremonies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The establishment of private libraries in Rome was solely motivated by a desire to promote literacy among the lower classes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention in the 15th century significantly impacted the development of libraries, facilitating the wider distribution of knowledge?

<p>printing press</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary initial contribution of the Carnegie Corporation to library development in Nigeria?

<p>Providing a generous grant for library establishment and development in 1932. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The University College, Ibadan, established in 1948, was initially mandated to be the sole national depository for all Nigerian publications, a function it retains to this day.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pivotal role was assigned to the University College, Ibadan library upon its establishment in 1948 concerning Nigerian publications?

<p>National depository</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before the establishment of the National Library of Nigeria, the University College, Ibadan library served as the national ______ for Nigerian publications.

<p>depository</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative action officially designated the National Library of Nigeria to collect and preserve national documents?

<p>The Library Decree of 1970 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the library types with their primary focus:

<p>National Library = Preserving the nation's intellectual heritage Public Library = Serving the information needs of the general public Academic Library = Supporting the research and learning activities of higher education institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a statutory duty of the National Library of Nigeria?

<p>Maintaining branches in different parts of the country. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivated the establishment of various library types in Nigeria?

<p>Specific information needs of different user groups as society evolves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

National Library Key Activities

Assigns ISSNs, ISBNs and maintains National Union Catalogues.

ISBN Publishers Directory

A publication listing Nigerian publishers using ISBNs.

National Bibliography of Nigeria (NBN)

A comprehensive record of publications produced in Nigeria.

Public Library

A library service available to all members of the public.

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Public Library Purpose

To support citizens and promote welfare through free information.

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Niger Biblios

A mailing list for libraries in Nigeria; also the name of a journal.

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National Library

Libraries established and maintained by national governments.

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People's University

A public learning place to build well-informed citizens and promote knowledge.

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Book Mobile Services

Movable libraries that bring books to villages without library access.

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Business/Industrial Libraries

Libraries attached to industries and banks, serving their specific information needs.

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Academic Law Libraries

Libraries supporting legal education and research, often found in law faculties or legal institutes.

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Law Library

A collection of legal information in various formats, used by legal professionals and those enacting or administering law.

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Other Special Libraries

Libraries catering to specialized fields such as medicine, international affairs, or engineering.

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Importance of Legal Collections

Legal information is crucial for well-researched judgments and court decisions, impacting various professions.

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What are Special Libraries?

Libraries that provide specialized information services to a particular group or organization.

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Current Awareness Services

Keeps users updated with latest publications.

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Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI)

Selecting and delivering tailored information to researchers based on their specific needs.

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Indexing and Abstracting Services

Aids in locating relevant information within documents.

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Special Library Types in Nigeria

Includes research, government, and professional libraries.

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Why Study Library History?

Understanding the past helps in appreciating and understanding the present.

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Early Library Materials

Royal, church, and commercial records written on papyrus rolls, clay or stone tablets used to record and preserve knowledge.

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Sumerians & Libraries

Developed clay tablets to preserve records due to agricultural and business activities.

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Cuneiform

A writing system using wet clay tablets and reed pens, later dried and baked for record keeping.

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King Assurbanipal

King of Nineveh (669-626 BC) who had a notable library in Mesopotamia containing many clay tablets.

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National Library Duties

Collect and preserve national publications, publish national bibliographies, and maintain a national bibliographic information center.

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National Library Decree of 1970

Empowers the National Library to function as a legal depository and bibliographic center, receiving copies of all published materials.

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National Library Focus

Documents works by Nigerians, published in Nigeria, and about Nigeria.

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National Library: ISSN/ISBN Role

To administer International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) Centre and International Standard Book Number (ISBN) Agency.

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Ancient Greek Libraries

Known for literature, scholars, and book collecting using papyrus and parchment.

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Egyptian Libraries

Valued writings and kept records on papyrus, leading to temple libraries.

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Roman Libraries

Built collections through war spoils, with prominent citizens establishing private libraries.

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Monastic Libraries

Monasteries encouraged libraries by copying ancient manuscripts.

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Cathedral Libraries

Great cathedral libraries taught in schools.

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University Libraries (13th Century)

Contained research, students, and books.

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Renaissance Library Change

Development of the printing press changed everything.

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Egyptian Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics were in pictorial form and used for recording religious ceremonies, prayers, kings, nobles, and business activities.

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Libraries & Imagination

Libraries designed to stimulate imagination and creativity in children and young people through reading materials

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Accessible Library Sections

Libraries should designate specific areas and resources to accommodate individuals with physical challenges.

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Cultural Preservation in Libraries

Libraries play a role in preserving cultural materials and promoting awareness of a community's heritage.

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Library as Info Center

Libraries should act as a hub for providing the most up-to-date information on current events and topics.

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Library Education Role

Libraries educate the public on the value and proper utilization of library resources and services.

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Library Events

Libraries organize events like workshops, talks, and seminars to engage the community and provide learning opportunities.

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Special Libraries

Libraries tailored to a specific subject area, serving a specialized group of users, and providing specialized services, often within an organization.

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Special Libraries Aim

Provide current information resources and promote professionalism within the field.

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Scriptorium

A place in monasteries where monks diligently copied Bibles and other religious texts.

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University Libraries

Established alongside universities to support the research and study needs of students and teachers.

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University Growth & Libraries

The rise of universities led to a greater need to preserve classical literature, which fueled library growth.

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Renaissance Era

The historical period that saw a major shift in libraries thanks to the invention of the printing press.

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Johannes Gutenberg

A German inventor who created the printing press in the 15th century, revolutionizing book production.

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Printing Press

A machine invented by Johannes Gutenberg that could produce multiple copies of texts, leading to wider access to information.

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Early Nigerian Libraries

Early forms of libraries in Nigeria involved preserving documents and books.

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Lagos Book Club

Established as a public reading space in Lagos during the 1920s.

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Carnegie Corporation

Provided funds to initiate library development in Nigeria.

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British Council Library

Established libraries throughout Nigeria starting in 1943.

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Ibadan University Library

Nigeria's first university library. It was established in 1948.

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Legal Deposit

Requires publishers to submit copies of their works to a designated library.

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Public Libraries

Libraries serving a general population, providing free access to information and resources.

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School Libraries

Libraries specific to secondary schools with specific information

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Study Notes

Ancient Times

  • Libraries' origins trace back to early civilizations like Egypt, Sumer, Greece, and Rome.
  • Early libraries consisted of royal, church and commercial records written on papyrus scrolls and clay/stone tablets.
  • Ancient Mesopotamia's rich civilization and culture significantly contributed to library development due to agricultural and business activities.

Sumerians

  • The Sumerians preserved records by developing clay tablets in organized locations for future generations.
  • Wet clay tablets with reed pens were dried and baked with the writing called CUNEIFORM.
  • Cuneiform allowed recording business transactions, receipts, private letters, laws, and religion.
  • King Assurbanipal (669-626 BC) of Nineveh had a notable library in Mesopotamia with many clay tablets.
  • Sumerians established first government, private and religious libraries, which served as record rooms and archives.

Greece

  • The Greeks were known for literature and scholarship; their traders supplied papyrus/parchment for copying.
  • Extensive learning and record keeping in Greece led to numerous private and public libraries.
  • Prominent philosophers like Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato were first to establish public libraries.
  • Ancient Greek temple libraries housed collections on various subjects.

Egyptians

  • Egyptians valued their writings; they needed to record business activities for their civilization.
  • They used hieroglyphics for writing in pictorial form to record religious ceremonies, prayers, and business matters.
  • Papyrus was used as writing material from the Nile's fertile land for recording important events kept in temples and palaces.
  • Archaeological excavations revealed scrolls that the Egyptians kept in temple libraries for posterity.

Romans

  • Romans accumulated collections through spoils of war.
  • Julius Caesar proposed public libraries, but prominent citizens of Rome primarily established private libraries.

Medieval Times

  • The three main libraries in Europe's historical development were Monastic, Cathedral, and University libraries.

Monastic Libraries

  • Monasteries were learning centers where reading was encouraged as part of spiritual life.
  • In this era, education moved to monasteries, contributing to library development.
  • Monks meticulously copied Christian and secular writings, preserving many ancient manuscripts not seen in secular institutions.
  • "Scriptorium" was where monks extensively copied Bibles and religious works under strict rules.

Cathedral libraries

  • Great cathedrals and educational entities simultaneously trained priests and government officials.
  • Subjects like Latin, classics, grammar, and literature were taught.

University libraries

  • Many European universities were established in the 13th century
  • Research, knowledge and students’ needs catalyzed universities with better libraries.
  • With university growth, so did the need to preserve classical literature and other works.

Renaissance Era

  • Libraries experienced development due to Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing machine in the 15th Century.
  • The printing press enabled mass production and impression of a capability to run several copies.

History of Libraries in Nigeria

  • Nigerian library origins can be traced to archives and book collection centers.
  • The Lagos Book Club was established as a public library in the late 1920s led by Sir Allan Burns in 1929.
  • Carnegie Corporation of New York gave a generous grant which assisted in establishing a library in Nigeria in 1932.
  • The British Council came to Nigeria in 1943and established library branches.
  • The University College, Ibadan established the first University library in Nigeria in 1948.
  • A Nigerian depositary for publications was mandated by the Publications and Ordinance Act of 1950.

National Libraries/National Library of Nigeria

  • The National Library is the highest-level library funded by the government and a depository of knowledge.
  • National Library of Nigeria was established by the National Library Act of 1964 and maintained by the government.
  • The National Library in Nigeria serves as a depository to that nation, collecting and preserving key publications.
  • The lacuna in the 1964 Act was corrected by the National Library Decree of 1970.
  • In other words, the law empowers the National Library to receive copies of published materials.
  • The documents stored strengthen Nigeria's information assets.

National Library Statutory Duties

  • Collecting and preserving national publications (books, periodicals, newspapers, print/non-print documents).
  • Publishing national bibliographies.
  • Maintaining the National Bibliographic Information Centre.
  • Collecting Nigerian intellectual output through legal deposit.
  • Producing the National Bibliography of Nigeria(NBN).
  • Administering International Standard Serial Number(ISSN) Centre and International Standard Book Number (ISBN) Agency.

National Library Departments

  • Collection Development and Processing Department (CDPD)
  • National Bibliographic Control Department (NBCD)
  • National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC)
  • Planning Research and Statistics Development (PRSD)
  • Finance and Supplies Department (FSD)
  • Personnel Management Department (PMD)
  • Readers Services Department (RSD)

National Library Publications

  • ISBN Publishers Directory
  • National Bibliography of Nigeria (NBN)
  • Nominal list of Practicing Librarians in Nigeria
  • ISBN User's Manual
  • ISBN Brochure
  • Nigerian file of International Standard Serial Number
  • Directory of Libraries in Nigeria
  • National Library of Nigeria Occasional papers
  • National Union List of Serials (NULOS)
  • National Digest of Library Statistics in Nigeria

Public Libraries

  • The term "public library" signifies that public libraries should serve the community they are located in.
  • Public libraries are managed by state/local authorities.
  • They serve as a 'people's university' and offer knowledge to the public.
  • Collections accommodate specific interests; info is provided for local industries/commerce aiding development.
  • Public libraries supply free education/social services such as books, periodicals and literacy programs to serve the public.
  • Bookmobile services are movable libraries provided to the people to serve in villages
  • Mobile libraries use trucks with an open space at the back; they move from one village to another.

Types Of Libraries

  • Libraries are categorized by the nature of parental entity, collections, clientele, services to users and functions.
  • Types of libraries are generally used for Reading, Reference, Research and Recreation.

Special Libraries

  • Special libraries have specialized collections catering to a specific group, delivering dedicated services.
  • Designed to offer up to date information services to promote professionalism.
  • A law library is an example of special libraries that are distinct from academic environments.
  • The special library acquires special collections related to the organization it supports with multi-disciplinary subjects.
  • Access to these libraries is generally restricted to specific certified groups or community members, differing from public libraries.

Special Libraries: Services

  • Internet Connectivity and Regular Access
  • Noter-up service
  • Comprehensive literature search
  • Current Awareness Services
  • Compilation of Comprehensive Reading List
  • Indexing and Abstracting Services
  • Private collection of Prominent Individuals in the Profession
  • Publishing Accession Lists
  • Newspaper Cuttings
  • Issues Newsletters
  • Provide Research Reports
  • Reference Services
  • Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI)
  • Specialized Research Services
  • Promote professionalism in the particular field of learning
  • Collection of Government Report

Special Libraries Examples In Nigeria

  • Research Libraries
  • Government Departmental Libraries
  • Professional Libraries (Attached to Professional Bodies)
  • Business and Industrial Libraries (Attached to Industries and Banks)
  • Academic Law Libraries
  • Other Special Libraries (Medical, Hospital, Engineering, Museum and Military)

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Explore the functions, resources, and historical innovations of libraries. Discover movable library services and the Sumerians' contribution to record-keeping.

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